| A | B |
|---|
| Political efficacy | -a citizen's belief that he or she can understand and influence government of political affairs- self organized group's belief that its members can understand & influence governmental affairs & politics |
| Regime | a political system with a specific pattern of relationship between the state society, market, and the world.- example from military dictatorship to democratically elected president and legislature |
| Procedural democracy | has all the trappings and symbols of democracy but the citizens have little impact on government and few choices of candidtas |
| substantive democracy | A democracy that is not at all theoretical, citizens help choose candidates , have many to choose from, have the ear of the government officials, ect. |
| Single member district electoral system | one person is elected from each sub-sub- unit to represent only the people in that district -winners get the most votes (plurality) and not neccessarily 50% or more, and winner takes all ( no seats for coming in second in a district) -SMD system usuallly ends up two party system with one weak 3rd/ other parties |
| proportional representations system | people focus on the party they want to have more seats or jobs, not on individuals- in a proportional system every party that passes a minimal number of votes get some number of seats- proportional systems usually end up with a mult-party system |
| Federal system | has constructional ( formal) divisiton of power between national and supranational levels of government government- regional autonomy and reserved powers are constitutionally (formally) protected -example Russia Nigeria Mexico |
| unitary system | All the power is constitutionally given to the national government- devoluion may occur, and sub-national levels of government may have regional antimony, but these powers may be rescinded by the nation government- powers held by sub-national governments are delegated by the central government, and no powers are reserved to the subnation level -examples Great Britain, China , Iran |
| parliamentary system | A system of government in which the exxecutive and legislative branches are fused together . the majority party in the legislature selects the chief executive and also may dismiss the head executive |
| Rentier state | a state that derives a subsantial protion of its revenue on a regular basis from payments by foreign concerns in the form of rent- a country that obtains significant income by exporting a raw material or leasing out a natural resource to foreign counties. often negatively affects economic development |
| political competition | when there is more than one political group or candidate that can run in a election and have a chance of winning |
| civil society | formal and informal organizations that are voluntary and autonomous, created to advice their own causes- bring toghether people with common interests in social, charitable, religious, community or political concerns |
| Transparency | when citizens can access information about the government s decisions and decision making processes- note transparency is citizens' ability to access that information , not citizens awareness of information |
| political ideology | a coherent set of values and beliefs about the goals of government , public policy, or politics - is not just one individual idea or opinion, but rather a pattern of beliefs |
| liberal democracy | elections are free, fair, and competitive- the full spectrum of civil liberties are in place- government has high transparency- government has high accountability |
| illiberal democracy | elections are generally not free and fair, and may not be competitive- do not protect all civil liberties and civil rights- government has low transparency - government has low accountability |
| political socializaion | the process by which people form ideas about politics(political orientation) & about government- the process by which political values are formed and transmitted from one generation to the next |
| sovereignty | the right to rule or to exercise power. countries claim to be sovereign over what goes within their borders. supranational organizations a are challenge to sovereignty |
| theocracy | government rule based on clerical authority or religious law; a state lack a separation of church and state |
| party system | array of political parties operating ina particular country and the relatonships between them |
| Welfare state | a welfare state is a state with a set of public policies designed to provide for citizens' needs through direct of indirect provisions of pensions, health care, unemployment insurance , and assistance to the poor- welfare states have governmental policies that provide citizens with a social safety net.- a definition may focus on the redistribution of wealth as long as it also addresses the state's intention to provide for citizens needs |
