| A | B |
|---|
| Organic Compounds | Compounds mostly made of carbon atoms |
| Functional Group | clusters of atoms that influence the characteristics of the organic molecules that contain them |
| Monomers | single units that make up larger carbon molecules (polymers) |
| Polymers | a molecule that is made up of repeating units of monomers |
| Macromolecules | large polymers such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Condensation Reaction | a reaction that links monomers together (water is removed) |
| Hydrolysis | a reaction that breaks apart polymers (water is added) |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A nucleotide that is the energy currency of the cell |
| Carbohydrates | large organic macromolecules made of many monosaccharides |
| Monosaccharide | a monomer of a carbohydrate (simple sugar) |
| Disaccharide | two monosaccharides together (a double sugar) |
| Polysaccharide | three or more simple sugars or monosaccharides |
| Proteins | a large macromolecule made of many polypeptides (amino acids linked together) |
| Amino Acid | a monomer of a protein |
| Peptide Bond | a bond linking amino acids together |
| Polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids; makes up a protein |
| Substrate | a reactant that enzymes catalyze (either it gets linked or broken down) |
| Active Site | a special place with a special shape on an enzyme that binds the substrate |
| Enzyme | usually a protein that is a biological catalyst |
| Lipids | large nonpolar organic macromolecules made of many fatty acids |
| Fatty acid | a monomer of a lipid; unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| Triglycerides | a type of lipid made of three fatty acids and a glycerol (unsaturated found in plant seeds and saturated like butter) |
| Phospholipids | a type of lipid with two fatty acids, a glycerol and a phosphate group (makes up cell membrane) |
| Waxes | a type of lipid made up of fatty acid chain with an alcohol chain (coats leaves and found in ear canal) |
| Steroid | type of lipid that is made of 4 fused carbon rings (ex. testosterone) |
| Nucleic Acid | a large, complex organic macromolecule made of nucleotides (ex. DNA and RNA) |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Carries information about organism's traits) |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a large organic macromolecule made of nucleotides (helps carry DNA info to make proteins) |
| Nucleotide | a monomer of a nucleic acid (made of a phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
