| A | B |
|---|
| reliability | consistency in scoring |
| validity | measuring what it should measure |
| construct validity | how well an assessment tests the material covered equivilant to how much emphasis was placed on the material |
| criterion reference validity | how well a test indicates how one would do in a "real world" situation |
| standardized test | a test which can be given, scored, and interpreted in the same manner by different people |
| norm | the average score of those who took the test similar to those who will be taking the test |
| raw score | the amount of questions correct out of the amount of questions possible |
| percentile score | a score which indicates how well one does in comparison to others who took the score (ie: you scored better than ___ % of the people) |
| aptitude | how well someone should do in an activity |
| achievement | how well someone does in a subject they have learned |
| intelligence | a concept indicating how well someone adapts, gathers and can use information |
| factors of intelligence | those aspects of I that are measured on an I test |
| Binet | creator of the first test of intelligence for children |
| Terman | author of a study on gifted children; helped write first American test of I |
| Stanford-Binet Test of Intelligence | first American I test |
| Wechsler | series of tests used today to measure I of different age groups |
| verbal measures | factors of I which test verbal comprehension and verbal fluency |
| performance measures | factors of I measured on a test which require manipulation of items or ideas |
| IQ (intelligence quotient) | a ratio of one's mental age to their chronological age x 100% |
| mental age | the measure of one's intellectual functioning as indicated by test scores |
| chronological age | one's physical age since birth |
| basal age | the highest point at which one "passes" all subtests on an intelligence test |
| ceiling age | the highest score one receives on a subtest on an intelligence test |
| deviation IQ | comparing one's score to others of the same age; more commonly used measure |
| fluid intelligence | I which relies on physical abilities and declines with age (ie: hearing, reaction time, etc); also indicates problem solving ability |
| crystallized intelligence | aspects of I that rely on the environment; improves with age (ie: vocabulary, etc) |
| Jensen | author of an article which addressed the heredity vs environment debate |
| Dove | black sociologist who presented the idea of cultural bias in testing |
| cultural bias | the idea that a test is created from a specific cultural point of view; therefore, offering an unfair advantage to a specific group of people and a disadvantage to others |
| halo effect | the idea that when a person has one strong trait we have a tendency to believe they are good at everything |
| reverse halo effect | idea that when one has a negative trait we assume they are bad at everything |
| Minnesota Twin Study | longitudinal study which addresses the effects of heredity and environment on I |
| superior intelligence | the idea that there is a group of people with IQs above 130 or 140 depending on the source |
| prodigy | one who has a special talent in one area and is average to above average in other areas |
| intellectually disabled | one who has an IQ below 70 |
| profoundly disabled | one with an IQ below 20; needs constant supervision and care; typically unable to communicate; worst form of retardation |
| severely disabled | IQ 20-32; MA 3 years, trainable to do some self care with supervision |
| moderately disabled | 33-56 IQ; MA 4-8; needs limited supervision; can do self care and simple tasks; supervised work ability |
| mildly disabled | IQ 55-69; MA up to 12 years; largest catergory of retardation; varying abilities; educable; may live independently, can work |
| personality tests | form of psychological testing which attempts to reveal aspects of personality |
| inventories | series of T/F, yes/no questions which try to uncover trends in personality, habits, attitudes, etc |
| MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) | commonly used inventory which tries to uncover abnormal personality traits, habits, sexual attitudes, etc |
| CPI (California Personality Inventory) | inventory used with less clinically deviant groups, adolescents, etc |
| projective tests | series of personality tests which try to reveal unconscious feelings which are projected into the answers |
| Rorschach inkblots | form of a projective test which uses a series of inkblots; asks for subjects thoughts on what they see |
| savant syndrome | while a person has a mental handicapping condition, he/she is gifted in a specific area |
| Gardner | theory of multiple intelligences |
| Sternberg | triarchic theory of I; analytical, creative, practical |
| g factor | Spearman's theory of a single factor of I |
| psychometrics | studying testing and individual differences |
| factor analysis | using statistics to identify how well one does on clusters of related items |
| Galton | Darwin's cousin who believed I was inherited |
