| A | B |
|---|
| Glaciers | Thick sheets of ice |
| Surplus | extra |
| causeways | raised roads made of packed earth |
| terraces | wide steps of land |
| culture | the entire way of life of a people |
| adobe | sun dried brick |
| pueblos | spanish word for village |
| mound builders | various cultures that built large earth mounds beginning about 3,000 years ago. |
| culture area | a region in which people share a similar way of life |
| tribe | a community of people that share common customs, language, and rituals |
| pit houses | houses dug into the ground and covered with wood and skins. |
| potlatch | ceremonial dinner held by some Native Americans of the Northwest Coast to show off its wealth. |
| kachinas | spirits; maksed dancer at religious ceremonies of the Southwest Indians |
| clan | a group of two or more related families |
| League of Iroquois | alliance of the five Iroquois nations |
| sachems | member of the tribal chief council in the League of the Iroquois. |
| First Global Age | era at the beginning of the 1400s, when long-distance trade and travel increased dramaticially, linking far-off parts of the world |
| Islam | monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Muhammad in the early A.S. 600s |
| Quran | sacred book of Islam for Muslims |
| Silk Road | overland trade routes linking Chinaa to the Middle East |
| Caravans | group of people who travel together for safety |
| City-state | large town that has its own government and controls the surrounding countryside |
| Swahili | language that blends Arab words and local African languages spoken widely in East Africa. |
| Savannah | region of grasslands covers much of West Africa |
| Extended family | family group that includes grandparents, parents, children, aunts, uncles, and cousins |
| Kinship | sharing a common ancestor |
| Direct Democracy | form of government in which ordinary citizens have the power to govern |
| Republic | system of government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them. |
