| A | B |
|---|
| amino acids | building blocks out of which proteins are constructed |
| anabolism | the building and repairing phase of metabolism |
| anorexia nervosa | self-imposed starvation |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | amount of energy used by the body at rest to maintain vital functions |
| body mass index | an estimate used to determine if a person may be at risk because of excessive weight |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder involving an insatiable craving of food |
| catabolism | breakdown or destructive phase of metabolism |
| cholesterol | fat-soluble sterol found in animal fats and oils, organ meats, and egg yolk |
| dietary fiber | generic term for nondigestible chemical substances in plants |
| dumping syndrome | when the contents of the stomach empty too rapidly into the duodenum |
| enteral nutrition | administration of nutrients into the gastrointestinal tract |
| essential nutrients | carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water necessary for growth, normal function, and body maintenance |
| glycogen | polysaccaride that is the major carbohydrate stored in animal cells |
| hydrogenation | process in which hydrogen is added to vegetable oild to make it more solid and stable |
| kilocalorie (Kcal) | unit that denotes the heat expenditure of an organism and the fuel or energy value of food |
| lipids | group name for organic substances of fatty nature including fats, oils, sterols, waxes |
| lipoproteins | a protein-and-lipid molecule that facilitates transport of lipids in the bloodstream |
| medical nutrition therapy | the use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition |
| nitrogen balance | differnce between intake and output of nitrogen in the body |
| nutrient | chemical compound or element found in food that is necessary for good health |
| nutrient-dense foods | foods providing a high quantity of one or more nutrients in a small number of calories |
| obesity | abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells, mainly in the viscera and subcutaneous tissues of the body |
| parenteral nutrition | administering nutrients by a route other than alimentary canal, such as intravenously |
| pernicious anemia | progressive megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia, affecting mainly people, that results from a lack of intrinsic factor essential for the absorption of vit B12 |
| residue | bulk in the colon that includes undigested food, fiber, bacteria, body secretions, and cells |
| satiety | feeling of fullness and satisfaction from food |
| therapeutic diet | used a a medical treatment |
| total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | administration of a hypertonic solution into a large vein central vein, usually the supperior vena cava, via a catheter threaded through either the subclavian or internal jugular vein |
| tube feeding | administration of nutritionally balanced liquefied food or formula through a tube inseerted into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum by way of nasoenteric or a feeding ostomy |
| vegan | vegetarian whose diet excludesall foods of animal origin |
