| A | B |
|---|
| acid-base balance | Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in the body fluids. |
| active transport | The movement of materials across the membrane of a cell to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be able to enter. |
| adenosine triphosphate | A substance produced in the mitochondria from nutrients and is capable of releasing energy that in turn enables the cell to work. |
| anions | negatively charged ion that, when in solution, is attracted to the positive electrode. |
| bicarbonate | A main anion of the extracellular fluid. |
| blood buffers | Chemical sponges that circulate throughout the body in pairs, neutralizingexcess acids or bases by contributing or accepting hydrogen ions. |
| calcium | Silvery yellow metal; the most abundant mineral in the body; a positively charged ion, known as a cation. |
| cations | Positively charged ion that, when in solution, is attracted tot he negatively charged electrode. |
| chloride | Negatively charged extracellular anion; a salt hydrochloric acid. |
| diffusion | A process in which solid particles in a fulid move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| electrolytes | Sunstance that is sometimes called a mineral or salt; develops tiny electrical charges when dissolved in water and breaks up into particles known as ions. |
| extracellular | Fluid outside the cells of the body. |
| filtration | The transfer of water and dissolved susbtances from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
| homeostasis | a relative constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival. |
| hypertonic | A solution of higher osmotic pressure. |
| hypotonic | A solution of lower osmotic pressure. |
| interstitial | Fluid between the cells or in the tissues of the body. |
| intracellular | Fluid inside the cells of the body. |
| intravascular | Fluid or plasma within the vessels of the body. |
| ions | Electronically charged particle resulting from the break down of an electrolyte; negatively or positively charged. |
| isotonic | having equal tension designating or of a salt solution. having the same osmotic pressure as blood. |
| magnesium | The second most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid of the body. |
| milliequivalent (mEq) | Number of grams of soluble substance dissolved in 1 mL of normal saline. |
| osmosis | Passage of water across a selectively permeable membrane; the water moves from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution. |
| passive transport | The movement of small molecules across the membrane of a cell by diffusion; no cellular energy is required. |
| phosphorus | Chiefly, an intracellular anion in fluid of the body. |
| potassium | The dominant intracellular cation. |
| sodium | The most abundant electrolyte in the body; the major extracellular electrolyte; it is a cation. |
