| A | B |
|---|
| Organic compound | contains carbon with C-C bond or C-H bond |
| Polar | has a positively charged end and a negatively charged end |
| High specific heat | absorbs and gives up heat slowly |
| Heat of vaporization | amount of heat it takes to evaporate a substance |
| Cohesion | sticking to self; water to water |
| Acid | any substance that will release a hydrogen ion when in solution; proton donor |
| Base | any substance in solution that shifts the H+/OH- balance toward OH- |
| Buffer | minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- |
| Salt | results from interaction between an acid and a base |
| Carbohydrate | macromolecule made up of simple sugar components |
| Monosaccharide | one sugar ex. Glucose, fructose |
| Disaccharide | two sugars; ex. Sucrose, lactose |
| Polysaccharide | many sugars; ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose |
| Protein | macromolecule made up of amino acids |
| Carboxyl group | COOH |
| Amine group | NH2 |
| Primary structure | sequence of amino acids |
| Secondary structure | chain of amino acids is coiled or bent due to Hydrogen bonds |
| Tertiary structure | structure twists and tangles again |
| Quaternary structure | 2 or more chains bonded |
| Enzyme | biological catalyst; speeds up a reaction without being changed |
| Allosteric effect | change in shape of a protein when an agent binds to it |
| Lipid | a macromolecule that is composed of C, H & O and is insoluble in water |
| Fat | made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol |
| Phospholipid | made of 2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol and a phosphate group; found in cell membranes |
| Steroids | made of hydrocarbon rings; all are made from the basic cholesterol model |
| Prostaglandins | tissue hormones released during inflammation; causes feeling of pain |
| Metabolism | all the chemical reactions that occur in the body |
| Catabolism | reactions that break down molecules into smaller units |
| Hydrolysis | adding water to break a molecule |
| Anabolism | reactions that join molecules together |
| Dehydration synthesis | remove a water to break a bond |
| ATP | adenosine tri-phosphate – the useable energy molecule of living organisms |
