| A | B |
|---|
| budding | new individuals splitting off from existing ones |
| parthenogenesis | a process in which the egg develops without being fertilized |
| hermanphroditism | each individual has both male and female reproductive systems |
| sequential hermaphroditism | an individual reverses its sex during its lifetime |
| protogynous | sequential hermaphroditism - female first |
| protandrous | sequential hermanphroditism- male first |
| fertilization | the union of sperm and egg |
| external fertilization | eggs are shed by the female and fertilized by the male in the environment |
| internal fertilization | sperm are deposited in or near the female repproductive tract and fertilizationj occurs within the tract |
| pheromones | chemical signals released by one organism that influence the behavior of other individuals of the same species |
| gonads | the organs that produce gametes in most animals |
| spermatheca | a sac in which sperm may be stored for a year or more |
| cloaca | a common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts in all vertebrates except most animals |
| coitus | sexual intercourse |
| acrosome | an organelle at the tip of a sperm cell that helps the sperm penetrate the egg |
| spermatogenesis | the production of mature sperm cells |
| oogenesis | the process in the ovary that results in the production of female gametes |
| menstrual cycle | a type of reproductive cycle in higher female primates, in which the nonpregnant endometrium is shed as a bloody discharge through the cervix into the vagina |
| estrous cycle | type of reproductive cycle in all female mammals except humans in which the nonpregnant endometrium is reabsorbed rather than shed |
| proliferative phase | when then thin endometrium begins to regenerate and thicken for a week or two |
| secretory phase | when the endometrium continues to thicken, becomes more vascularized, and develops glands that secrete a fluid rich in glycogen |
| FSH | stimulates follicle growth, and the cells of these growing follicles secrete estrogens |
| LH | stimulates the transformation of the follicular tissue left behind in th ovary to form the corpus luteum |
| cleavage | whenteh zygote begins to divide (HINT- splits) |
| blastocyst | a sphere of cells containing a flattened cavity |
| organogenesis | the development of the body organs |
| HCG | an embryonic hormone that maintains secretion of progesterone and estrogens by the corpus luteum through the first trimester |
| contraception | the deliberate prevention of fertilization or pregnancy |
| barrier method | block the sperm from meeting the egg |
| tubal ligation | tying off a section of the oviducts to prevent eggs from traveling into the uterus |
| vasectomy | cutting of each vas deferans to prevent sperm from entering the urethra |
