| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic unit of all living things (size and shape depend on function) |
| cell membrane | forms the boundary of the cell |
| cytoplasm | gel-like fluid inside the cell |
| nucleus | largest structure within the cell which is the control center of the cell & contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction;usually spherical and centrally located. |
| chromosomes | located in the nucleus of the cell. (46 chromosomes in all normal human cells with the exception of the mature sex cell, which has 23) |
| genes | regions within the chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a chemical that regulates the activity of the cell & comprises each gene |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that performs a specific task |
| muscle tissue | composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement |
| nervous tissue | composed of found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain; responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities |
| connective tissue | composed of cells that connect, support, penetrate and encase various body structures |
| epithelial tissue | composed of cells that cover the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs, and is the major tissue in glands |
| organ | two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a special body function |
| system | two or more organs that work together to perform complex body functions |
| cranial cavity | the space inside the cranium containing the brain |
| spinal cavity | the space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | the space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi |
| abdominal cavity | the space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters |
| pelvic cavity | the space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum |
| abdominopelvic cavity | both the pelvic and abdominal cavities |
| dia- | through, complete |
| dys- | painful, abnormal, difficult, labored |
| hyper- | above, excessive |
| hypo- | below, incomplete, deficient |
| meta- | after, beyond, change |
| neo | new |
| pro- | before |
| -al, -ic, or -ous | pertaining to |
| -cyte | cell |
| -gen | substance or agent that produces or causes |
| -genic | producing, originating, causing |
| -ologist | one who studies and treats (specialist, physician) |
| -ology | study of |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor; swelling |
| -osis | abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots) |
| -pathy | disease |
| -plasia | condition of formation, development, growth |
| -plasm | growth, substance, formation |
| -sarcoma | malignant tumor |
| -sis | state of |
| -stasis | control, stop, standing |
| aden/o | gland |
| cyt/o | cell |
| epitheli/o | epithelium |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| hist/o | tissue |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| lip/o | fat |
| my/o | muscle |
| neur/o | nerve |
| organ/o | organ |
| sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
| system/o | system |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| cancer/o, carcin/o | cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells) |
| eti/o | cause (of disease) |
| gno/o | knowledge |
| iatr/o | physician, medicine (also treatment) |
| lei/o | smooth |
| onc/o | tumor/mass |
| path/o | disease |
| rhabd/o | rod-shaped, striated |
| somat/o | body |
| chlor/o | green |
| chrom/o | color |
| cyan/o | blue |
| erythr/o | red |
| leuk/o | white |
| melan/o | black |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor composed of glandular tissue |
| adenoma | benign tumor composed of glandular tissue |
| carcinoma | cancerous, or malignant, tumor |
| chloroma | tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue) |
| epithelioma | tumor composed of epithelium |
| fibroma | tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tumor) |
| fibrosarcoma | malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) |
| leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle |
| leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
| lipoma | benign tumor containing fat |
| liposarcoma | malignant tumor composed of fat |
| melanocarcinoma | malignant black tumor |
| melanoma | black tumor, primarily of the skin |
| myoma | benign tumor composed of muscle |
| neoplasm | mew growth of abnormal tissue or tumor |
| neuroma | benign tumor composed of nerve |
| rhabdomyoma | benign tumor of striated muscle |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of striated muscle |
| sarcoma | highly malignant tumor composed of connective tissue such as bone or cartilage |
| cytogenic | producing cells |
| cytoid | resembling a cell |
| cytology | the study of cells |
| cytoplasm | cell substance |
| dysplasia | abnormal development |
| epithelial | pertaining to epithelium |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| erythrocytosis | increase in the number of red blood cells |
| histology | study of tissue |
| hyperplasia | excessive development in the number of cells |
| hypoplasia | incomplete development of an organ or tissue |
| karyocyte | cell within a nucleus |
| karyoplasm | substance of a nucleus |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| lipoid | resembling fat |
| myopathy | disease of a muscle |
| neuroid | resembling a nerve |
| somatic | pertaining to the body |
| somatogenic | originating in the body; organic instead of psychological |
| somatopathy | disease of the body |
| somatoplasm | body substance |
| systemic | pertaining to a body system or the body as a whole |
| visceral | pertaining to the internal organs |
| cancerous | pertaining to cancer |
| carcinogen | substance that causes cancer |
| carciogenic | producing cancer |
| cyanosis | abnormal condition causing discoloration of the skin due to inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood |
| diagnosis | state of complete knowledge; identifying a disease |
| etiology | study of cause of disease |
| iatrtogenic | unexpected results from a treatment perscribed by a physician |
| iatrology | study of medicine |
| metastasis | transfer of disease from one organ to another, such as transfer of malignant tumors |
| neopathy | new disease |
| oncogenic | causing tumors |
| oncologist | a physician who studies and treats tumors |
| oncology | study of malignant tumors |
| pathogenic | producing disease |
| pathologist | a physician who examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death |
| pathology | study of the causes of disease and death |
| prognosis | prediction of the outcome of the disease |
| xanthochromic | pertaining to yellow color |
| xanthosis | abnormal yellow discoloration |
| benign | not malignant; favorable for recovery |
| cancer in situ | cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue |
| chemotherapy | treatment of cancer with drugs |
| encapsulated | enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors |
| idiopathic | pertaining to disease of unknown origin |
| inflammation | response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
| in vitro | observable within a test tube |
| in vivo | within the living body |
| malignant | tending to become progressively worse and to cause death |
| radiation therapy | treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation |
| remission | improvement or absence of signs of disease |
