| A | B |
|---|
| emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience |
| James-Lange theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion |
| two-factor theory | the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal |
| polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) |
| catharsis | emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges |
| feel-good, do-good phenonmenon | people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood |
| subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life |
| adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience |
| relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself |
| behavioral medicine | an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease |
| health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine |
| stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| general adaptation syndrome | Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three states—alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries |
| type a | Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people |
| type b | Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people |
| psychophysiological illness | literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health |
| lymphocytes | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the b one marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the t hymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances |
| coping | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods |
| problem-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress directly—by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor |
| emotion-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction |
| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety |
| biofeedback | a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension |
| complementary and alternative medicine | as yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice |
