| A | B |
|---|
| globe | a round map of the whole earth |
| archipelago | A group of many islands. |
| axis | An imaginary line through the center of the earth upon which the earth turns |
| continent | One of the seven great masses of land on earth. |
| equator | An imaginary circle around the earth halfway between the North and South Poles. It divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. |
| gulf | A large part of an ocean or sea with land around it. |
| hemisphere | Half of a sphere |
| isthmus | A narrow bridge of land with water on both sides of it, connecting two larger pieces of land. |
| peninsula | A piece of land almost surrounded by water or extending far out into the water. |
| ocean | Any of four major divisions of the great body of salt water that covers almost three-fourths of the earth. |
| sphere | A ball-shaped object. |
| bay | A small area of ocean or lake partly surrounded by land. |
| cargo | The load of goods carried by a ship. |
| gulf | A large part of an ocean or sea with land around it. |
| harbor | A deep bay where ships can anchor, unload, and reload. |
| sea | Any large body of salt water, smaller than an ocean. Often it is a part of the ocean surrounded by some land or islands. |
| strait | A narrow waterway that connects two larger bodies of water. |
| lake | A body of water, usually fresh, surrounded by land. |
| canal | A waterway dug across land for ships or small boats to go through. |
| aquifer | A large body of water underground. |
| delta | A fan-shaped deposit of dirt and sand that collects at the mouth of some rivers. |
| mouth (of a river) | The part of a river where its waters flow into some other body of water, usually a lake or ocean. Also, the opening of a harbor or bay into the ocean. |
| source | The beginning of a brook or river. |
| river | A large, natural stream of water that flows into a lake or ocean. |
| tributary | A stream or river that flows into a larger river. |
| caravan | A group of desert travelers with their animals and goods. |
| coast | The land along the sea; seashore. |
| merchant | A trader or seller of goods. |
| route | The path taken when going from one place to another. |
| spice | A seasoning made from plants and used to flavor food. |
| colony | A land and people ruled by the country from which they came. |
| geography | The study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and products. |
| instrument | A tool to help you in your work. |
| navigate | To sail or steer a ship, airplane, or other vehicle. |
| weaver | A person whose job is to make cloth from thread |
| voyage | A journey by water, through the air, or through space. |
| archaeologist | A person who is an expert in studying buildings, tools, pottery, weapons, and other objects of ancient times. |
| continental shelf | Shallow ocean water around the large land masses on earth. |
| oceanography | The study of the ocean and its floor. |
| ridge | A long, narrow chain of hills or mountains. |
| trench | A long, deep, narrow area like a valley or canyon in the ocean floor. |
| hurricane | A storm with violent wind and, usually, heavy rain. The wind blows at more than 75 miles (121 kilometers) per hour. |
| launch | To send off with force. |
| orbit | The path of a satellite or ship as it travels around another body in space. |
| probe | A spacecraft carrying scientific instruments to record or report back information about planets or other objects in outer space. |
| rival | A person or country who wants and tries to get the same thing as another; one who tries to equal or do better than another. |
| satellite | A human-made object shot by rocket into an orbit around the earth or other heavenly body. |
| telescope | An instrument for making distant objects appear closer and larger. |
