| A | B |
| empire | an area controlled by one government |
| caravan | groups of travelers |
| bazaar | city markets |
| Babylonia and Assyria | most important Mesopotamia civilizations |
| Nineveh | the capital of Assyria |
| battering ram | a powerful weapon on wheels that pounded city walls to rubble |
| Nebuchadnezzar | great king of New Babylon |
| code | organized list of laws |
| cuneiform | written language representing different languages |
| Hammurabi's Code | "an eye for an eye" |
| Babylonians | developed a useful system of mathematics |