| A | B |
|---|
| valence shells | outermost shell of an electron. holds 8 max. |
| isotopes | atoms that have same atomic number but different weights |
| where elctrons are found | electron shells known as orbitals |
| orbital | region around the nucleus |
| rule of 8's | innnermost shell 2 electrons rest of the shells a max of 8 |
| stable atom | outermost orbital completely filled with electrons |
| ions | electrically charged atoms |
| cation | (+) positively charged ion |
| anion | (-) negatively charged ion |
| matter | anything that occupies space and has mass (weight) |
| what does chemistry study? | how building blocks are put together and interact |
| 3 states of matter | solid, liquid, gas |
| ex of physical changes of matter | ice to water |
| chemical change of matter | burning wood |
| element | pure substances that cannot naturally be broken down |
| atomic symbol | first 2 letters of the elements name |
| atoms | subatomic particles, protons, nuetrons, electrons |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus |
| atomic weight | number of protons + nuetrons |
| polar covalent bond | bonding electrons that are unequallt shared |
| electrolyte | a solution that conduct electricity |
| dipole | separation of positive and negative charges |
| nonelectrolyte | no electrical charge when dissolved |
| hydrogen bonds | dipole to dipole attraction |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up chem. reactions in a cell |
| how an enzyme works | binding to 1 or more molecules called substrates or reactants |
| enzyme binding | occurs at the active site |
| substrate or reactant | is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts |
| enzyme substrate complex | non covalent complex composed of a substrate bound to the active site |
| non polar covalent bond | sharing of electrons between atoms exactly equal |
| ionic bonding ( octet) | forming an octete by formed by transferring valance electrons between atoms |
| covalent bonding (octet) | sharing valance electrons between atoms |
