| A | B |
|---|
| Samuel Slater | built the first successful water-powered textile mill in America |
| Industrial Revolution | in later 18th century Britain, factory machines began replacing hand tools and manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work |
| factory system | a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building |
| Lowell mills | textile mills in the village that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses |
| interchangeable parts | a part that is exactly like another part |
| Robert Fulton | invented the steamboat that could move against the current or a strong wind |
| Samuel F.B. Morse | in 1837, he first demonstrated his telegraph |
| Eli Whitney | in 1793, invented a machine for cleaning cotton, the cotton gin |
| cotton gin | a machine invented in 1793 that cleaned cotton much faster and far more efficiently than human workers |
| spirituals | religious folk songs that often contained coded messages about a planned escape or an owner's enexpected return |
| Nat Turner | led the most famous slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831 |
| nationalism | a feeling of pride, loyality, and protectiveness toward one's country |
| Henry Clay | strong nationalist from Kentucky who had a plan to strengthen the country and unify its different regions |
| American System | a plan introduced in 1815 to make the US economically seft-sufficient |
| Erie Canal | completed in 1825. this waterway connected New York City and Buffalo, New York |
| James Monroe | Democratic-Republican president in 1816 who promoted national unity by strengthening the federal government |
| sectionalism | the placing of the interests of one's own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole |
| Missouri Compromise | a series of laws enacted in 1820 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states |
| Monroe Doctrine | a policy of US opposition to any European interference in the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe in 1823 |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Women's suffrage convention campaigning for the right to vote |
| Age of the Common Man | Andrew Jackson era - more voting by males and more involvement in politics whether voting or campaigining |
| Jeffersonian Democracy | marks the end of federalist control, more emphasis on the common man and agriculture |
| Revolution of 1800 | term used to describe when Jefferson won, federalists lost power but there was NO bloodshed. Remarkable to other countries. |
| midnight judges | judges appointed at the last second by the Federalists who were leaving the White House. Also can be seen as packing the court. |
| Toussaint L’Ouverture: | Inspired by the American Revolution, he liberated Haiti from France who later imprisoned him |
| Louisiana Purchase | Pres Jefferson buys land from Napoleon. Doubles the size of the US at the time. |
| Orders in Council | British policy of making US ships go to British ports to England to get licenses to buy from France |
| Antebellum | Term used to describe this time period- Ante (before) bellum (war) |
| "King Cotton" | term used to describe the economy of the Southern states before the Civil War |
| "necessary evil" | term used to describe why some believed that slavery must continue to protect the economies of the southern states. |
| Monroe Doctrine | President James Monroe Foreign policy- Western Hemisphere is off limits to Europe or face the wrath of the US |
| Election 1824 | John q Adams won against Andrew Jackson who was furious and declared there was a "corrupt bargain" |
| "corrupt Bargain" | Andrew Jackson accusation that Adams only won the 1824 election b/c of a deal with Henry Clay |
| Tariff of Abominations | so named by the Southerners which raised price of manufactured goods they did not produce themselves |
| spoils system | so named due to the favor system that existed durng the Age of the common Man. Voting for a certain candidate and get a job or favor in return |
| Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 | Judge John Marshall told the Cherokee nation they were not a soverign identity therefore could not sue to stay in Georgoa on land they had purchased |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831 | Judge John Marshall told the Cherokee they were a a "domestic dependent nation" entitled to federal protection. He changed his ruling the next year |
| Election of 1832 | Andrew Jackson wins the second time he runs. Remember he says the corrupt bargain stole the 1824 election from him |
| BANK WAR | Strict constructionists/Jeffersonians were against BUS b/c nowhere in the constituion was it allowed |
| nullification crisis | southern states rebel against the tariffs in the American System. They say they can nullify them. Jackson threatens them with war. Foreshadows Civil War |
| Clay Compromise | Henry Clay stops the violence possible when the south & the nullification crisis |
| Transcendentalists | believed in emphasis of the spontaneous and vivid expression of personal feeling over learned analysis. |
| On Civil Disobedience essay | by Henry David Thoreau, trancendentalist, it defended the right to disobey unjust laws. |
| James Fenimore Cooper | wrote the Last of the Mohicans. a distinctly American theme with conflict between natives and settlers |
| Edgar Allen Poe | changed literature by insiting books were NOT to preach morals but rather the positive impact they had |
| Washington Irving | Best known US writer at the time. "Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" |
| Antebellum Reform | movements to reform the US: abolition, education, suffrage, prison. More active in northern states |
| War of 1812 | 2nd war with England. A draw but England is once again reminded of US strength |
| impressment | kidnapping of American sailors by the British, one cause of the War of 1812 |
| Macon’s Bill No. 2 | warned France and England not to intervern in US commerce 1810 |
| EMBARGO OF 1807 | prohibited United States vessels from trading with European nations during the Napoleonic War |
| Non-Intercourse Act: | reactivated American commerce with all countries except the warring French and the British. |
| War Hawks | group of militants in Madison’s Democratic-Republican party,wanted more aggressive policies toward the hostile British and French. |
| treaty of Ghent | ended the war of 1812 |
| HARTFORD CONVENTION | damaged the Federalists b/c it suggesed secession in 1814 for some NORTHERN states |
| Age of Jackson | Reform & Economic Growth |
| transportation revolution | Erie canal, Cumberland Road, bridges, clipper ships |
| Commonwealth v. Hunt | s Supreme Court in 1842 ruled that labor unions were not illegal conspiracies in restraint of trade |
| Elias Howe | invented the sewing machine |
| interchangeable parts | parts that are uniform which leads to mass production |
| Rush-Bagot Treat | agreement between the US and Great Britain concerning the Canadian border in 1817. |
| Purchase of Florida | Spain surrendered Florida to the United States in 1819 by the Adams-Onis Treaty |
| Era of good feelings | phrase exemplifies both of Monroe’s presidencies, from 1816-1824 |
| Chief Justice John Marshall | supreme court judge over many significant decisions from 1800-1848 |
| Daniel Webster | Supporting the tariff of 1828, he was a protector of northern industrial interests |
| VICE-PRESIDENT CALHOUN | South Carolina Exposition and Protest, nullification: He anonymously wrote the widely read South Carolina Exposition and Protes |
| Age of the common man | All white males had access to the polls. Jackson was portrayed by the opposition as a common man, |
| Trail of Tears | Treaty of New Echota in 1835 which ceded all Cherokee land to the United States for $5.6 million 16,000 Cherokee forced to move |
| Kitchen cabinet | Jackson repeatedly relied on an informal group who meet in a kitchen |
| Whigs | e National Republican party altered its name to the Whig party during Jackson’s second term |
| Panic of 1837 | Economnic depression Bank of the United States also failed |
| Lucretia Mott | on organized a women’s rights convention at Seneca Falls |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | on organized a women’s rights convention at Seneca Falls |
| American Antislavery Society | n in opposition to slavery founded in 1833 |
| William Lloyd Garrison | radical who founded The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper, in Boston in 1831 |
| The Liberator | anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp beginning in 1831. |
| Grimké sisters | Angelina and Sarah, o toured New England, lecturing against slavery, in 1837 |
| Elijah Lovejoy | American abolitionist and the editor of the an antislavery periodical, The Observer, he was killed by a pro slavery mob |
| NAT TURNER’S INSURRECTION | 1831 convinced he was chosen by God to free other black slaves. led a rebellion that killed 55 whites in |
| Denmark Vesey | planned a slave revolt in 1822 but the plan was discovered and he was hanged |
