| A | B |
|---|
| Carbohydrate | ”A class of molecules that includes sugars |
| Lipid | ”A fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils |
| Protein | ”An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells.” |
| Amino Acid | ”A compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group and an amino group and that combine to form proteins.” |
| Nucleic Acid | ”Large molecules made up of nucleotides that contain and transfer the genetic information in the cell. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids.” |
| Nucleotide | ”A subunit of a nucleic acid chain. A nucleotide consists of a sugar |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | ”The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics. The nucleotides that make up DNA are composed of a nitrogen base |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | ”A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis.” |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | ”An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes. It is composed of a nitrogenous base |
| Biomolecules | ”Any molecule that is produced by a living organism |
| Carbon | ”The chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table |
| Monosaccharides | ”Simple sugar molecules. |
| Isomers | ”Compounds like simple sugars |
| Disaccharide | ”Two monosaccharides can that combine to form a double sugar. Sucrose |
| Polysaccharide | ”A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides.” |
| Triglycerides | ”A chemical compound derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. It is the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats.” |
| Phospholipids | ”A lipid with one or more phosphate groups attached to it.” |
| Steroid | ”A type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action.” |
| Waxes | ”A class of chemical compounds that are plastic (malleable) near ambient temperatures. Characteristically |
| Pigment | ”A substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color.” |
| Steroid Hormone | ”A type of hormone that is derived from the steroid cholesterol; various steroid hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| Fats | ”Energy-storing nutrients that help the body store some vitamins and that provide more than twice as much energy per unit mass as proteins and carbohydrates do. Fats are needed to transport vitamins |
| Fatty Acids | ”Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids. The building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.” |
| Phospholipids | ”Phospholipids are compounds whose molecules contain both polar (water-soluble) and nonpolar (not water-soluble) portions in its structure in a way that the 'head' is hydrophilic and the 'tail' is hydrophobic. They serve as a major structural component of most biological membranes. They form the lipid bilayer in cell membranes of organisms.” |
| Carboxyl | ”:The univalent radical |
| Peptide Bond | ”A peptide bond is a covalent bond that is formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the another molecule |
| Protein’s Primary Structure | ”The exact specification of a protein’s atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms.” |
| Protein’s Secondary Structure | ”The specific geometric shape caused by intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of amide groups.” |
| Protein’s Tertiary Structure | ”The tertiary structure is the final specific geometric shape that a protein assumes. This final shape is determined by a variety of bonding interactions between the "side chains" on the amino acids.” |
| Protein’s Quaternary Structure | ”The clustering of several individual peptide or protein chains into a final specific shape. A variety of bonding interactions including hydrogen bonding |
| Genetic Code | ”The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells.” |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | ”An organic molecule that plays a role in energy metabolism. It is composed of a nitrogenous base |
