| A | B |
|---|
| Cytosol | viscous fluid (water & solutes) |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | system of membranous walled canals used to transport & make substances |
| Rough ER | lined with ribosomes; make proteins & transport them |
| Smooth ER | no ribosomes; lipid & membrance synthesis |
| Ribosomes | small granules composed of RNA & protein; used for protein synthesis |
| Golgi Apparatus | membranous organelle consisting of flattened sacs (cisternae) stacked on one another; used for processing and packaging protein for export |
| Lysosomes | sacs of digestive enzymes |
| Peroxisomes | similar to lysosomes but contains peroxidases & catalase |
| Peroxidases | detoxify alcohol & formaldehyde |
| Catalase | reduces hydrogen peroxide to water & oxygen |
| Mitochondria | rod-shaped structure with outer and inner membrance; power plant of cell |
| Cristae | folds of inner membrane that contain the enzymes for cellular respiration |
| Nucleus | control center of cell |
| Nucleolus | dark-staining structure in nucleus; produce the subunits or ribosomes |
| Chromatin | threadlike-strand of genetic material |
| Microfilaments | twisted strands of protein actin; involved in movement and cell shape |
| Intermediate filaments | thicker, twisted protein strands; stable with high tensile strength |
| Microtubules | hollow tubes of globular protein called tubulin that's arranged in a spiral |
| Centrosomes | coordinates building and breaking of microtubules |
| Microvilli | tiny finger-like projections on surface of cell used for absorption |
| Cilia | formed by microtubules; short, hairlike structures that propel fluid and mucus |
| Flagella | single, long tail-like structure formed by microtubules (sperm tail) |
| Desmosomes | small "spot welds" that hold cells together |
| Gap Junctions | formed when membrane channels adhere to one each other |
| Tight Junctions | adjacent membrane proteins fuse and prevent passage between |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Selectively permeable | some substances get through but others cannot |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | osmotic pressure same in both solutions |
| Hypotonic | lower solute concentration |
| Hypertonic | higher solute concentration |
| Facilitated diffusion | carrier molecule specific to a type of molecule "carries" the molecule and releases it into cell; still from high to low concentration |
| Filtration | movement of fluids and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure |
| Active Transport | protein carriers (pumps) attach to molecules and move them from low concentration to high concentration using energy provided by ATP |
| Endocytosis | the plasma membrane traps a material and brings it into the cell |
| Phagocytosis | particles are surrounded |
| Pinocytosis | fluid is surrounded |
