| A | B |
|---|
| Gender Solidarity | sticking together due to shared interests |
| 1st Theme | "Does it represent diversity?" |
| 2nd Theme | Social gender and biological sex |
| 3rd Theme | How History is written. (context/analysis) |
| Anne Hutchinson | 1591-1643-Puritan, Boston, Religious activist. She was accused of many things in court, but was a key figure in the fight for religious freedom through her women's ministry. |
| Gender Hierarchy | On a scale of Better to worse |
| African Americans in Southern Colonies | Rice plantations, task systems, internal economies, paid their master's a share of their profits, high mortality rates. |
| The abolition movement- | 1830's-movement to end all slavery, racial segregation, and discrimination. This movement used methods of evangelical religion to help spread the abolition of slavery. This movement influenced others to form groups against slavery everywhere. Example-1833 Female anti-slavery society. |
| Gender Segregation | Sexual discrimination |
| World Anti-slavery convention | 1840-London, strengthen and enlarge the fight to abolish slavery. This is where representatives of Female Anti-Slavery Societies were denied seating and voting rights. This Convention was where Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott agreed to initiate a Woman’s Rights Convention in the United States. The World Anti-Slavery Convention marked the beginning of the Woman’s Suffrage Movement. |
| Marriage and Slavery | slaves could only marry with master's consent, fear of being auctioned off to different master's made slaves apprehensive to marry, master's owned them as property and the wills of the slaves did not matter. |
| American Revolution | 1775-1783 |
| Civil War | 1861-1865 |
| Sexual Violence and Slavery | Slaves were easily accesible to slave master's and had no rights to protect themselves from sexual violence.Hardly any consequences for slave owners exhibiting such behavior. Example: Harriet Jacobs. |
| Iroquois | Men frequently away, women gathered, produced tools and housing. Became dependent on trade-lost traditional ways. |
| Harriet Jacobs/Dr.Norcom | Early 1800's, North Carolina-Born a slave to Dr.Norcom, he began sexual advances at her age of 15, wife was suspicious, he tried to build her a cottage to keep her isolate, she devised a planned to become pregnant by a white unmarried man to escape her life with Norcom. |
| Iroqouis women | women often had either direct or indirect political power. nominate, impeach. Were gathers, worked in groups, took care of providing food, housing, and tools while men were away. Respected in their society. |
| Indentured Servants | illiterate, vast majority from Europe, worked for 4 to 5 years |
| Harriet Tubman/Underground railroad | 1820-Maryland, Born a slave, Harriet is known for her humanitarian work and the use of networks of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage. |
| Mary Johnson | 1650's, Chesapeake- went from bound service to freedom, 4 children, house burned down-no taxation, christian, worked on Tobacco plantation. Significance: Mary was a respected member of her society, pretty much free. |
| Maria Perkins | 1852,Virginia- Maria informs her husband that their son Albert was sold and that she was to be sold next. She attempts to ask her husband to convince his owner to buy her so they could be together. This letter was very unusual and significant because most slaves didn’t even know how to write or read let alone have access to so much education. The letter shows that Maria is aware of what is going on around her and is planning strategies to save herself from the slave trade. |
| "Enemies in Our Households" | Drew Gilpin Faust-The departure of white men for war meant that white women were challenged to assume authority and to stabilize slavery even though it lacked violence and masculine forms to hold it in place. Women were afraid of being hurt by slaves, not being able to control them, that they would leave etc. |
| Lizzie Neblett | 1852, Texas-Her husband left for the Confederacy, she had to take charge of 11 slaves. She was fearful of losing control, Mr,Meyes=violence, Coleman=peacemaker, struggled with a mixture of empathy and the use of violence towards her slaves. |
| Martha Ballard | 1785-1812- Martha keeps daily journal entries including weather, politics, her midwifery proffession, records of death from disease in her town. Her experience also illustrates social roles and gender roles in the post-revolutionary period. |
| Jonathan Ballard | 1785-1812, Maine frontier. Jonathan is Martha’s middle son. Jonathan has a hostile temperament, and drinks heavily. His bad behavior is a source of contention between Jonathan and Martha, especially when she moves in with him as Ephraim (her husband) is imprisoned for tax collection. He is named heir of the family. His role illustrates gender roles and family norms of the time. |
| Ohlone/Costanoan | The Ohlone people are also known as the Costanoan. During the 18th century, the Ohlone inhabited along the coast from San Francisco Bay through Monterrey Bay to the lower Salinas Valley.Costanoan Indians lived mainly on vegetable products, especially acorns and seeds, though they also obtained fish and mussels, and captured deer and smaller game. They made baskets, but no pottery, and were essentially a very primitive tribe. Hunter-gatherers, harvesters. |
| Gender and Political Roles of Iroquois | East coast-women were more actively involved in political and social life. played a dynamic role in agriculture, worked together, nominated and could impeach chiefs. Although there were defined gender roles for both men and women, they were respected on similar levels. |
| Coverture | (Colonial Period-Connecticut)Coverture was the foundation of the English law of domestic relations. It stated that when an Englishwoman married, her husband became the owner of all movable things she possessed and all of her property or wages she might earn during their marriage. He also received the right to manage and collect rents and profits on any real estate she owned. If they had a child, the child could not inherit the dead mother's land until after the death of the father. This law illustrates the significance of the husband as the "head and master" of the household. |
| Widow's 1/3 | Colonial Period-Connecticutthe right of a widow to use one-third of the real estate that her husband held at the time of his death. She was also entitled to one-third of his personal property, after debts were paid. He could leave her more in his will, but never less. This statue notes the provisions protecting the widow's interests-revolutionary for this time period. - |
| Hemmings-Jefferson Treaty | Early 17th, Virginia-Jefferson did not deny allegations of fathering Sally's children. Still won the election of 1804/Sally and Jefferson entered into a "treaty" in which Jefferson promised "extraordinary privileges" for Sally and freedom for her children when they reached age 21. |
| Judge North/ Rebbecca Foster | 1785-1812-Maine Frontier. Rebbecca Foster comes to Martha Ballard and swears she has been raped by a number of men, including Judge North. Martha keeps a record of Rebecca's accounts in her diary, and the case is eventually taken to trial. Martha is asked to testify on Rebecca's behalf. Before the trial, Judge North calls Martha to his house and interrogates her, asking her what she will say before the court. Martha feels she must be cautious about what she says in court as North is a powerful figure in her community; Judge North is acquitted. |
| T Hall | Virginia 1629- T.Hall was born a girl, Thomasine, in England and raised as a girl. T.Hall is transexed, and posses both female and male anatomy as his sexual organs. Goes to war as a male solider, becomes Thomas, goes to Plymouth, becomes seamstress, brought to trial, is forced to cross-dress and wear apron, coif and cross-cloth, and headdress so he appears as both feminine and masculine. The case of T. Hall exemplifies notions regarding gender in the 15th century. |
| Grimke Sisters | 17th century.Quakers-Sarah and Angela Grimke were early advocates for women's rights and abolitionism. They were born to a wealthy, slave-owning family in Charleston, South Carolina and they traveled throughout the North, lecturing about their first hand experiences with slavery on their family's plantation. They were Among the first women to act publicly in social reform movements, they were looked down upon by many regarding their abolitionist activity. Their first-hand experience with slavery made their case for abolition much more powerful to their supporters. |
| Rhetoric of the American Revolution- | Colonies- Examples of rhetoric: The notion of Britain as a "Bad Mother," while the colonies were thought of as "teenagers ready to break out on their own." Also, British men were conveyed as feminine: they drank tea, wore elaborate wigs, etc. Another dominating notion is that of the public space being "masculine," and the private sphere being related to women and domesticity. Women were not thought of to be part of the public sphere. Historical significance: The American Revolution brought women into the political sphere much more than ever before. |
| Father Andres Quintana | 1812-Mission Santa Cruz-was especially known for his violence towards servants. he was killed by a group of servants whom feared his violent way, he was suffocated and then had each of his testicles removed. |
| Mission Santa Cruz | 1796-1850's-Was built to convert natives to christianity, most early inhabitants were ohlone indians.The natives not only ran away to avoid the terrifying diseases but also to escape the strict rules and harsh punishment that often occurred at the mission. It was returned to the catholic church in 1850 |
| primary documents | written at the time of the event. examples:newspapers, prescriptions, letter, photographys |
| Specific/Context/Analysis | "A"-primary documents/"B"context-whether or not it matters/"c"analysis-why it matters |
| Maria Rosa Vilapndo Sale | 1760-New Mexico-Comaches siezed her, traded her to the Pawnees, french fur trader and founder of St.Louis, Jean Sale, cohabits with her. They have 4 children. Eventually marries her, then leaves her when he goes to Frances. She becomes matriarch or a prominent family. |
| Juana La Galvana | 1690- New Mexico-Zia pueblo-abducted by the navajos, lived with them for 12 years,ransomed by her brother and returned to Spanish societyable to use their contacts in both Hispanic and Native American worlds to their advantage, acquiring land, livestock, and a substantial amount of material goods, |
| James Brooks | "Evil Extends" |
| Phillis Wheatley | 1753-1784-Born in Sengal, Gambia. Bought by the Wheatley family in Bostontaught her to read and write, and helped encourage her poetry. The 1773 publication of Wheatley's Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral brought her fame, with figures such as George Washington praising her work. |
| Pocahontas | 1595 – March 1617), later known as Rebecca Rolfe, was a Virginia Indian chief's daughter notable for having assisted colonial settlers at Jamestown. She converted to Christianity and married the English settler John Rolfe. After they traveled to London, she became famous in England in the last year of her life. She was a daughter of Wahunsunacawh, better known as Chief or Emperor Powhatan |
| Hermaphrodite/ transexed | In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes. Intersexed-pplied to human beings whose biological sex cannot be classified as clearly male or female |
| Deborah Sampson | Deborah Sampson was the first known American woman to impersonate a man in order to join the army and take part in combat.On May 20, 1782, when she was twenty-one, Sampson enlisted in the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment of the Continental Army at Bellingham as a man named Robert Shurtleff . Tried to conceal her wounds so she was not discovered. Hospitalized in Philly for fever.Sampson was honorably discharged from the army at West Point on October 25, 1783 by General Henry Knox. |
| Abigail Adams | 1744-1818-wife of John Adams, who was the second President of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth.Adams is remembered for the many letters she wrote to her husband while he stayed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the Continental Congresses. John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters, and their letters are filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics. |
| Betsy Ross | 1752-1836-upholster, married 3 times, is credited with making the first American flag, although there is no substantial evidence. |
| Herbal tea/spinning bees | Revolutionary period-North and Southern colonies-The Daughters of Liberty performed equally important functions. Once nonimportation became the decided course of action, there was a natural textile shortage. Mass spinning bees were organized in various colonial cities to make homespun substitutes. Since women often purchased consumer goods for the home, the Daughters of Liberty became instrumental in upholding the boycott, particularly where tea was concerned. Women become politically mobilized. |
| Camp followers | Revolutionary and Civil Wars-women and children accompanied the troops throughout the war.Camp followers, throughout history, have been a necessary presence during war time. During the Revolutionary War, women tended to laundering and mending clothing, cooking meals and nursing the wounded. |
| Catherine Beecher | East coast, 17th century, believed that women should be educated so that they could become better mothers and teachers. Femininity allowed women to understand and carry out the responsibilities of motherhood and education. She wrote books on domestic virtues, and believed that women did not have to be married with children to fulfill their female or domestic duties,eecher founded The American Woman’s Educational Association in 1852, an organization focused on furthering educational opportunities for women. She also founded the Western Female Institute in Cincinnati (along with her father Lyman) and The Ladies Society for Promoting Education in the West. |
| Cult of domesticity | prevailing view among upper and middle class women during the nineteenth century.According to the ideals of the cult of domesticity, women were supposed to embody perfect virtue in all senses. The women who abided by and promoted these standards were generally literate and lived in the Northeastern United States, particularly New York and Massachusetts. Women were put in the center of the domestic sphere and were expected to fulfill the roles of a calm and nurturing mother, a loving and faithful wife, and a passive, delicate, and virtuous creature. These women were also expected to be pious and religious, teaching those around them by their Christian beliefs, and expected to unfailingly inspire and support their husbands. |
| Emergence of the middle class | 19th century-Men worked for a salary, outside the home, kept a regular schedule and came home clean. people lived in 2-generation families in cities (ex:cast-iron stoves, plumbing, seperate bedrooms, declining birth rates) Women didnt "work" or the work they did wasn't considered work because they weren't earning money. "private" sphere. |
