| A | B |
|---|
| artisans | skilled craftspeople |
| astrology | the study of heavenly bodies to predict the future and the belief in "lucky" stars |
| astronomy | the scientific study of the stars and outer space |
| city-states | clay cities including the land around them, often walled and having a temple |
| cuneiform | Babylonian and Sumerian wedge-shaped writing |
| hanging gardens | a wonder of Babylon built by Nebuchadnezzar for his queen |
| Indo-Europeans | descendents of Japheth who came into Asia from the grasslands of Europe |
| reservoirs | a storage place for water |
| seals | Sumerian cylinders used for signatures and for messages that a person might use often |
| ziggurat | a Mesopotamian temple |
| galley | a ship with oars and sails |
| civilization | all that people have done to make the earth a more livable place |
| Cyrus | Persian ruler who let the Hebrews go back to Israel from Babylon |
| Solomon | king of the Hebrews who built the great temple in Jerusalem |
| Ur | believed to be the first major city-state |
| Daniel | a Hebrew who became governor during the reign of Darius |
| David | a warlike king of the Hebrews, conquered most of the Fertile Crescent, made Jerusalem his capital |
| Hammurabi | Babylonian ruler who organized the laws |
| Saul | first king of the Hebrews |
| Xerxes | Persian ruler who tried to defeat the Greeks, but was defeated by them instead |
| Nebuchadnezzar | ruler of the Chaldeans who built the hanging gardens |
| Semites | descendants of Shem, the son of Noah |
| clay | important building material in Mesopotamia due to a shortage of wood and stone |
| Darius | Persian ruler who extended the Persian Empire to its greatest size |
