| A | B |
|---|
| republicanism | a just society depends on the willingness of all citizens to subordinate their private interests to the common good. |
| radical whigs | colonial group that feared what the arbitrary power of the monarchy could do to the freedoms the colonists enjoyed.. |
| Mercantilism | A country's wealth can be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury. |
| First navigation laws | designed to limit trade especially to Dutch shippers. Loosely enforced until 1763 then strictly enforced. Once in effect these laws severely limited the colonies motivation to initiate any economic ventures. |
| royal veto | Used to deny colonial legislation that the crown did not like. RARELY used by the British parliament. |
| George Grenville | British Prime minister from 1763 to 1765. Assumed control of colonial policy and created a new relationship with the colonies that was not appreciated as he introduced new forms of taxation. . |
| Sugar Act | First law to ever passed by Parliament to raise revenues for the crown by taxing the colonies. |
| Stamp Act | Passed by parliament to raise money to support more troops for defense of the colonies. Colonists furious that parliament passed the tax without their input. |
| No taxation without representation | Phrase shouted by colonies. Directed to Parliament, colonies were angered by the Stamp and Sugar Act and believed that parliament had no right to levy taxes and it made them fear that Britain was trying to take away their rights. |
| Stamp Act Congress | United colonists against the hated Stamp Act when they joined together to boycott British goods.. |
| Nonimportation agreements | United the colonists against British taxation by encouarging colonists to not receive any British goods. These goods then were stored in warehouses unused and untaxed! |
| Spinning bees | organized in various colonial towns for women to make homespun clothes rather than buy ready made British clothing. A form of protest that united colonial women. |
| Virtual representation | Theory that every member of Parliament represented ALL British subjects even those far away in colonies. |
| Townshend Acts | British tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea going to the colonies. Though considered "light and indirect" by many colonists, opposition to the Townshend Act led Britian to send troops to Boston to restore obediency. |
| Samuel Adams | A phampleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and ways in which to resist British policies. |
| John Adams | Massachusetts politician who at the First Continental Congress opposed the moderates solution to the crisis with England and reconcile with the crown and parliament. |
| Crispus Attucks | Former slave who died at the Boston Massacre. |
| Tea Tax | The only tax kept from the Townshend Act after it was repealed. Why did England keep it? To remind the colonies that parlimentary taxation was not going to go away. |
| Committees of Correspondence | Organized by Sons of Liberty founder, Samuel Adams. These groups encouarged opposition to British policies and used propaganda to spread the message among all the colonies. |
| Intolerable Acts | British law passed after the Boston Tea Party. Intended to punish Boston, the act required the quartering of troops and worst, the Boston Port Act shut down the harbor! |
| Quebec Act | British Act that turned over a lot of land to Catholic control. This in turn angered colonists not only in Massachusetts but throughout the colonies, alarmed land speculators who saw land leaving their grasp, and it set a dangerous precendent AGAINST jury trials. |
| First Continental Congress | Organized in the colonies to give the colonists a place to voice colonial grievances (complaints) against England. This group called for the complete boycott of British goods. |
