| A | B |
|---|
| irrigation | A means of supplying land with water |
| dispute | A strong disagreement |
| levee | A wall of earth built to prevent a river from flooding its banks |
| Sumer | An area in southern Mesopotamia, where cities first appeared |
| city-state | An early city that was like a small, independent country with its own laws and government] |
| silt | Fine particles of rock |
| Mesopotamia | In ancient times, the geographic area located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| Euphrates River | One of the two largest rivers in Southwest Asia that flow from the mountains in Turkey to the Persian Gulf |
| Tigris River | One of the two largest rivers in Southwest Asia that flow from the mountains in Turkey to the Persian Gulf |
| challenges | A task or problem that tests a person’s abilities |
| create | To bring something new into being |
| civilization | A society marked by developed arts, sciences, government, and social structure |
| social structure | The way a civilization is organized |
| technology | The use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes |
| networks | An interconnected system of channels or lines |
| merchant | A person who makes money by selling goods |
| artisan | A crafts person |
| luxury | A way of life that offers much more than what is necessary |
| professional | Someone who is trained in a particular career |
| Scribe | A person who writes |
| ziggurats | An ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with outside staircases and a shrine at the top |
| culture | A characteristic of civilization that includes the beliefs and behaviors of a society or group of people |
| cuneiform | Writing that uses wedge-shaped characters |
| pictographs | A symbol that stands for an object |
| empire | a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government |
| strategies | a planned approach |
| assembled | to bring together |
| capital | a city that is the center of government |
| tributes | wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior |
| techniques | a skilled way of doing something |
| invaders | someone who forces entry into a place where they are unwanted |
| code of laws | a collection of written laws and rules |
| unify | to join together |
| economy | the way a region or country uses resources to produce and sell or trade goods and services to meet people’s needs and wants |
| siege | a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender |
