| A | B |
|---|
| Charles V | g.son of Ferdinand & Isabella, heir of Austrian Hapsburgs |
| Philip II | son of Charles V, strengthened Catholic church, absolute monarch, divine right |
| Henry IV | Huguenot prince over the French throne, became a Catholic, Edict of Nantes, laid foundation for royal absolutism |
| Cardinal Richelieu | took over as chief minister when Henry IV's son inherited throne, tried to destroy the Huguenots & nobles since they opposed royals |
| Louis XIV | The Sun King, ruled during "the Fronde", appointed "intendants" - royal officials who collected taxes, under him Fr. army became strongest, built Versailles, ruled longer than any monarch - 72 years |
| Jean Baptiste Colbert | Louis XIV's finance minister, his policies made France wealthiest state in Europe |
| Philip V | Louis XIV's grandson, 1700 inherited Spanish throne - his g.father had wanted Spain & France to unite, but never did |
| Tudors/Stuarts | Tudors ruled England - worked well with Parliament, Stuarts ruled after Tudors and didn't get along with Parliament |
| James I | first Stuart monarch, felt strongly about divine right |
| Charles I | Stuart king who got into trouble , with Parliament. Put enemies in prison without trials, collected high taxes, angered Puritans, finally dissolved Parliament, was beheaded |
| Charles II | became king after CharlesI was executed |
| James II | Stuart king, angered Parliament, replaced by William and Mary |
| Cavaliers/Roundheads | Cavaliers - supporters of Charles I Roundheads: tough fighters of Parliament who opposed the Cavaliers |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of the Roundheads |
| William & Mary | when Mary (James' daughter) and her husband replaced James II - known as The Glorious Revolution" |
