| A | B |
|---|
| Florence, Italy | symbolized the energy and brilliance of the Italian Renaissance more than any other city |
| Medici family | Florence family that organized a successful banking business; |
| Cosimos de'Medici | gained control of the Florentine government |
| Lorenzo the Magnificent | represented the Renaissance ideal (Cosimo's grandson); a clever politician; patron of the arts |
| patron | a generous supporter of the arts |
| the Renaissance | time of creativity and change in many areas - political, soical economic and cultural |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who sailed to the Americas in 1492 |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | a Polish scientist who revolutionized the way people viewed the universe - he proposed the heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe |
| humanism | focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues....based on the study of classical culture. Hoped to use wisdom of the ancients to increase their understanding of their own times. Humanists believed that education should stimulate an individual's creative powers. |
| humanities | the subjects taught in ancient Greek and Roman schools - grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history |
| Petrarch | a Florentine humanist who lived in the 1300s ...found and assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts |
| Sonnets to Laura | one of the poetry manuscripts written by Petrarch |
| Donatello | a sculptor who created a life-size statue of a soldier on horseback...the first like it since ancient times! |
| perspective | a new technique for representing both humans and landscapes in a realistic way...making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer and appeared 3 dimensional |
| Filippo Brunelleschi | created a majestic dome for the cathedral in Florence |
| Leonardo da Vinci | famous painter who made sketches of nature and models, dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work |
| Mona Lisa, The Last Supper | paintings of Leonardo da Vinci |
| Michelangelo | sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet |
| Pietá | Michelangelos's marble sculpture of Mary and she cradles the dead Christ on her knees |
| Sistine Chapel mural | mural on the ceiling done by Michelangelo |
| Raphael | studied works of Leonardo and Michelangelo, did a lot of paintings of the madonna (mother of Jesus). |
| Castiglione | wrote "The Book of the Courtier" describing manners, skills learning and virtues that a member of the court should have |
| Castiglione's ideal man | well-educated, well-mannered aristocrate who mastered many fields, from poetry to music to sports; athletic but not overactive |
| Castiglione's ideal woman | offers a balance to men; graceful and kind; outer beauty is the true sign of inner goodness. |
| Machiavelli | wrote a handbook for rulers on how to gain and maintain power called "The Prince" |
| "The Prince" | handbook that looked at real rulers like the Medicis when politics was ruthless. Urged rulers to do whatever was necessary to achieve their goals. |
