| A | B |
|---|
| energy | ability to do work |
| mechanical energy | causes physical movement |
| chemical energy | stored in chemical bonds |
| ATP | chemical energy all cells can use |
| inorganic compounds | do not contain carbon |
| water | single most abundant compound in the body |
| water | universal solvent |
| organic compound | contains carbon |
| important organic compounds | carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| polarity solvent property | molecules cannot chemicaly react |
| ATP | form of chemical energy all cells use |
| bond type for organic molecules | covalently bound molecules |
| macromolecules | complex chemicals |
| monomers | single building blocks |
| polymers | series of monomers bonded together |
| carbohydrates | compounds containing only C,H,&O |
| monosaccarides | simple sugars |
| disaccharides | double sugars |
| polysaccharides | complex sugar (3 or more) polymer |
| polysaccharide starch | energy storage in plants |
| polysaccharide glycogen | energy storage in animals |
| lipids | hydrophobic uses building blocks fatty acids & glycerol |
| triglyceride | long term energy storage, cushioning & insulation |
| saturated triglyceride | solid at room temp. animal |
| unsaturated triglyceride | liquid at room temp. |
| phospholids | builds cellular membranes |
| steriods | used in control & regulation cholesterol |
| proteins | built out of amino acids 20 different kinds |
| essential proteins | body cannot build |
| non essential proteins | body can build |
| peptide bonds | amino acids that are bonded covalently |
| DNA | instruction book for you |
| RNA | ribosome aids in the production of proteins |
| monomer fatty acids & glycerol= | lipids- polymer |
| has high heat capacity | water |
| cannot react unless in a solution | molecules |
| easily dissolves body fluids | salt |
| an electrolyte w/ chrged ions | salt |
| acids | have sour taste& dissolves metals |
| acid | substance that releases hydrogen ions |
| acid | proton donor |
| when an aicid is dissolved in water releases this | hydrogen ions |
| strong acids | acids that ionize completely |
| weak acid | acids that do not ionize completely |
| bases | bitter tatse & slippery |
| bases | proton acceptors |
| hydroxides are | common inorganic bases |
| hydroxyl ions | proton seeker & strong base |
| nutralization reaction | when an acid and base interact |
| pH | concentration of hydrogen & hydroxl ions |
| what pH is based on | no. of protons in a solution |
| pH7 midpoint | hydrogen ions = hydroxl ions |
| pH level lower than 7 | acidic hydrogen ions more than hydroxl ions |
| pH higher than 7 | alkaline or vase |
| organic molecules | very large molecules |
| polymers | series of many monomers bonded together |
| carbohydrates | include sugar and starches |
| glucose | blood sugar |
| glucose | monosaccharide |
| glucose | universal cell fuel |
| important polysaccharide | starch-formed by plants |
| important polysaccharide | glycogen- found in animal tissue |
| lipids | contain carbon and hydrogen but outnumber oxygen |
| lipids | organic & enter body as fat marbled meat |
| triglycerides | nuetral fats |
| triglycerides | composed of fatty acids and glcerol |
| saturated triglycerides | solid at room temp. |
| unsaturated triglycerides | liquid at room temp |
| transfat | oils that are solid by added hydrogen |
| phospholids | build cellular membranes |
| steriods | control & regulate hormones/ chlesterol |
| cholesterol | found in cell membranes |
| proteins | 50% of organic material in the body |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| amino acids | 20 types of these |
| essential proteins | body cannot build |
| non- essential proteins | body can build |
| peptide bonds | amino acids are bound covalently by this |
| enzymes | functional proteins that act as catalyts |
| catalyst | speeds up chemical reaction, not part of |
| protein function | hormones |
| protein function | transports hemoglobin |
| protein function | blood clotting |
| protein function | enzymes |
| nucleic acids | make up genes |
| nucleic acid | largest molecules in the body |
| nucleic acid building blocks | nucleotides |
| DNA nucleic acid | instruction book for you |
| RNA ribonucleic acid | ribosomes aid in production of proteins |
| RNA | located outside the nucleus |
| DNA | double stranded |
| RNA | single stranded |
| ATP | form of chem. energy all cells use |
| mitochondria | makes ATP |
| sugar | monomer |
| amino acids | monomer |
| fatty acids & glycol | monomer |
| carbohydrate | polymer |
| proteins | polymer |
| lipids | polymer |
| carbohydrate | macromolecule |
| lipds | macromolecule |
| proteins | macromolecule |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| proteins are made up of | amino acid molecules |
| more hydrogen atoms in a solution | greater the acidity |
| 0-6.9 pH level | acid |
| 7pH | neutral |
| 7.1-14 ph level | base |
| a glucose molecule is | polysaccharide stored in the liver |
