| A | B |
|---|
| Ellis Island | the immigration station on the east coast in New York Harbor |
| Angel Island | the immigration station on the west coast in San Fransico Bay |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | a law that barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented the Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens |
| Tenement | multi-family apartments, usually dark, crowded and barely meeting minimum living standards |
| William "Boss" Tweed | New York City's corrupt leader during the 1860's and 1870's |
| Political Machine | an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government |
| Graft | the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician |
| Gilded Age | a period of US history in the 1870's where everything looked great at first glance (industrialization, modernization, millionaires) but a closer look showed crime, corruption and poverty |
| Social Darwinism | a theory that human society evolves through competition and natural selection; society progresses and becomes better because only the fittest people survive |
| Settlement House | institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries and classes in English |
| Americanization | the act of acquiring American traits and characteristics |
| Booker T. Washington | an African American educator that helped establish the Tuskegee Institute, a college for African Americans |
| Social Gospel Movement | a movement that worked to better conditions in cities according to the biblical ideals of charity and justice |
