| A | B |
|---|
| Rock | A naturally occurring, solid mixture of minerals, grains, and sometimes other materials such as organic matter |
| Grain | An individual particle in a rock |
| Magma | Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface |
| Lava | Molten rock that flows onto Earth’s surface |
| Sediment | Rock material that forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode |
| Rock cycle | The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock |
| Igneous rock | Rock that forms when magma or lava cools and crystallizes |
| Extrusive rock | Igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth’s surface |
| Intrusive rock | Igneous rock that forms as magma cools and crystallizes underground |
| Sedimentary rock | Rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions |
| Compaction | A process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains |
| Cementation | A process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains and act as a natural cement |
| Metamorphic rock | Rock that forms when a change in temperature, change in pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids act on any rock in a solid state to change its structure or composition |
| Foliated rock | Metamorphic rock that contains parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals |
| Nonfoliated rock | Metamorphic rock with mineral grains that have rearranged into a random, interlocking texture |
