| A | B |
|---|
| ovaries | a pair of almond-shaped organs in the pelvic region where egg cells are stored |
| ovum | one egg cell (plural is ova) |
| graafian follicles | microscopic sacs that each contain one immature ovum; after it develops, it releases its mature ovum |
| uterine | pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for eggs |
| fimbria | finger-like projections at the free end of the fallopian tube; plural- fimbriae |
| uterus | pear-sized and -shaped muscular organ in the pelvic cavity that functions in menstration, pregnancy, & labor |
| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus |
| myometrium | muscular middle layer of the uterus |
| perimetrium | outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus |
| corpus | large central portion of the uterus |
| fundus | rounded upper portion of the uterus |
| cervix | narrow lower portion of the uterus (Cx) |
| vagina | a 3-inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body |
| hymen | fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina |
| rectouterine pouch | pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (Douglas’ cul-de-sac) |
| Bartholin glands | pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of and just above the vaginal opening |
| mammory glands | milk-producing glands of the female |
| mammory papilla | breast nipples |
| areola | pigmented area around the breast nipple |
| vulva | two pairs of lips that surround the vagina |
| lips of the vulva | labia major and labia minora |
| clitoris | highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra |
| perineum | pelvic floor in both the male and female (in females it usually refers to area between the vaginal opening & anus) |
| peri- | surrounding (outer) |
| -atresia | absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure |
| -salpinx | uterine tube (also known as fallopian tube) |
| arche/o | first, beginning |
| cervic/o; trachel/o | cervix |
| colp/o; vagin/o | vagina |
| culd/o | cul-de-sac |
| episi/o, vulv/o | vulva |
| gynec/o, gyn/o | woman |
| hymen/o | hymen |
| hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i | uterus |
| mamm/o, mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menostration |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| perine/o | perineum |
| salping/o | uterine tube (also known as fallopian tube) |
| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual discharge |
| Bartholin adenitis | inflammation of the Bartholin gland (also known as bartholinitis) |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix |
| colpitis, vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual discharge |
| endocervicitis | inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix |
| endometritis | inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, or endometrium |
| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tube |
| hydrosalpinx | water in the uterine tube |
| hysteratresia | closure of the uretus |
| mastitis | inflammation of the breast |
| menometrorrhagia | rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation |
| menorrhagia | rapid flow of blood & increased amount of blood at menstruation |
| myometritis | inflammation of the middle uterine muscle, or myometrium |
| oligomenorrhea | low or less menstrual flow |
| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovary |
| perimetritis | inflammation of the outer layer of the uterus, or perimetrium |
| pyosalpinx | pus in the uterine tube |
| salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tube |
| salpingocele | hernia of the uterine tube |
| vulvovaginitis | inflammation of the vulva and vagina |
| adenomyosis | growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus |
| breast cancer | malignant tumor of the breast |
| cervical cancer | malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection |
| endometrial cancer | malignant tumor of the endometrium; also known as uterine cancer |
| endometriosis | abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows in various areas in ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus |
| fibrocystic breast disease | a disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast |
| fibroid tumor | benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle |
| ovarian cancer | malignant tumor of the ovary |
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by many different pathogens; if untreated it spreads and can lead to death |
| prolapsed uterus | downward displacement of the uterus in the vagina (also known as hysteroptosis) |
| toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia leading to hypotension, shock & death; usually occurs in women using tampons |
| vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina |
| cervicectomy | excision of the cervix |
| colpoperineorrhaphy | suture of the vagina and perineum (performed to mend perineal vaginal tears) |
| colpoplasty | surgical repair of the vagina |
| colporrhaphy | suture of the vagina (wall of the uterus) |
| episioperineoplasty | surgical repair of the vulva and perineum |
| episiorrhaphy | suture of a tear in the vulva |
| hymenectomy | excision of the hymen |
| hymenotomy | incision of the hymen |
| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus |
| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
| hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy | excision of a uterine tube and ovary |
| mammoplasty | surgical repair of the breasts performed to enlarge or reduce in size or to reconstruct after removal of a tumor |
| mastectomy | surgical removal of the breast |
| mastopexy | surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry |
| oophorectomy | excision of an ovary |
| perineorrhaphy | suture of a tear in the perineum |
| salpingectomy | excision of the uterine tube |
| salpingostomy | creation of an artificial opening in the fallopian tube performed to restore patency |
| salpingo-oophorectomy | excision of the uterine tube and ovary |
| vulvectomy | excision of the vulva |
| anterio and posterior culporrhaphy (A&P repair) | surgical repair of a weakening vaginal wall to cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina) |
| conization | surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer (also known as cone biopsy) |
| dilatation and curettage (D&C) | dilation (widening) of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with an instrument called a curette performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage |
| endometrial ablation | a procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser or thermal energy used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding |
| laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery | visual examination of the abdominal cavity accomplished by insertion of a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus |
| myomectomy | excision of a fibrous tumor, or myoma, from the uterus |
| sentinel lymph node biopsy | an injection of dye and/or radium isotope to identify the first lymph node(s) to remove to examine for breast cancer |
| stereotactic breast biopsy | a technique that combines mammography & computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion |
| tubal ligation | closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (ligation) |
| tubal sterilization | closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying then cauterizing |
| uterine artery embolization (UAE) | minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroid |
| hysterosalpingogram | radiographic image of the uterus and fallopian tubes after an injection of a contract agent |
| mammogram | radiographic image of the breast |
| mammography | radiographic imaging of the breast |
| sonohysterography | process of recording the uterus by use of an ultrasound machine |
| colposcope | instrument used for visual examination of the vagina and cervix |
| colposcopy | visual examination with a magnified view of the vagina and cervix |
| culdoscope | instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac, or retrouterine pouch |
| culdoscopy | visual examination of the Douglas cul-de-sac, or retrouterine pouch |
| hysteroscope | instrument used for visual examination of the uterine cavity |
| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterine cavity |
| culdocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from Doublas cul-de-sac, or rectouterine pouch |
| transvaginal sonography (TVS) | an ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures |
| CA-125 (Cancer Antigen-125 Tumor Marker) | a blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer |
| Pap smear | a cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells |
| gynecologist | a physician who studies and treats women's diseases |
| gynecology (GYN) | a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the female reproductive system |
| gynopathic | pertaining to diseases of women |
| leukorrhea | white discharge from the vagina |
| mastalgia | pain in the breast |
| mastoptosis | sagging of the breast |
| menarche | very first menstruation between the ages of 11 and 16 |
| vaginal | pertaining to the vagina |
| vulvovaginal | pertaining to the vulva and vagina |
| dyspareunia | difficult or painful sexual intercourse |
| fistula | abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface |
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat menopause |
| menopause | cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years |
| premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | a syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms, such as nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache, occurring in the 10 days before menstruation |
| speculum | instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection |
