| A | B |
|---|
| Oceanography | The study of the ocean |
| Challenger Expedition | 4 year study of the ocean that started modern oceanography |
| Sonar | Tool that uses sound waves to study the ocean floor |
| Hydroshpere | All Water on Earth: Fresh and Sea |
| 71 percent | The earth surface is covered by____ water |
| Ancient Oceans | Were created by Comets and Volcanoes |
| Major Oceans | Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic |
| Salinity | The amount of salt in water, world avg. 3.5 % |
| Tropical Zones: Salinity | Higher than average, 3.7 % due to evaporation |
| Polar Zones: Salinity | 3.2 % due to fresh water delution and cold temperatures |
| Temperature | Decreases with depth |
| Thermocline | Layer seperating surface-mixed layer and cold deep water |
| Wave | A rhythmic movement that carries energy through space or matter |
| Crest | Waves Highest Point |
| Trough | Waves Lowest Point |
| Wavelength | Distance between Crests |
| Factors that determine Wave Height | Wind Speed, Wind Duration, and Fetch |
| Density Currents | Antarctic Bottom Water & North Atlantic Deep Water: Constant temperature and density |
| Surface Currents | Warm, Wind Driven |
| Gyres | Large system of rotating currents |
| The Coriolis Effect | The Deflection of ocean currents away from their original course as a result of the Earth's rotation |
| Temperate Zones: Productivity | Bi-annual phytoplankton blooms: Spring & Fall |
| Tropical Zone: Productivity | Unproductive in Open water due to permanent Thermocline |
| Factors of photosynthetic productivity | Nutrients and Sunlight |
| Reason for Acidification | CO2 being absorbed by the ocean |
| Food Web | complex feeding relationship among a number of different organisms |
| Polar Zones: Productivity | Summer Bloom |
| The Ocean Conveyer | Global circulation of warm and cold currents |
| Chemosynthesis | Bacteria The process of converting hydrogen sulfide, through chemical reactions, into energy |
| Tropic Energy Transfer | Transfer of energy through feeding. Inefficient |
| Pycnocline | Layer of rapid change in density |
