| A | B |
|---|
| Reconstruction | the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate States after the Civil War |
| Amnesty | the granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection from prosecution for an illegal act |
| Radical | extreme |
| Freedman | a person freed from slavery |
| black codes | laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers |
| override | to overturn or defeat, as a bill proposed in Congress |
| impeach | to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office |
| scalawags | name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South |
| carpetbagger | name given to Northern whites who moved South after the Civil War and supported the Repubicans |
| corruption | dishonest or illegal actions |
| integrate | to end separation of different races and bring into equal membership in society |
| sharecropping | system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop. |
| reconciliation | settling by agreement or coming together again |
| commission | group of persons directed to perform some duty |
| cash crop | farm crop raised to be sold for money |
| poll tax | a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote |
| literacy test | a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level |
| grandfather clause | a clause that allowed individuals who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began; an exception to a law based on pre-existing circumstances |
| segregation | the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group |
| lynching | putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob |
