| A | B |
|---|
| Brethern of the Common Life | Pious Dutch laypeople who lived simple, religious lives with Christ and scriptures as their guides- late 14th century group |
| Protestant | Means "protest"; collective name for religions formed during the Reformation by those who opposed Catholicism |
| Indulgences | Frogiveness for sins-sold during Leo X's papacy thus angering Martin Luther |
| Diet of Speyer | In 1529 German princes drew up a list of protests against Catholicism |
| Ninety-five Theses | Martin Luther's complaints against the Catholic church, especially the sale of indulgences |
| Wittenberg Castle | Luther is said to have posted his theses on the church door here on October 31,1517 |
| Worms | City in Germany where Charles V held his first diet, during which he outlawed Luther |
| On Christian Liberty | Luther's 1520 treatise proclaiming Christian men are subject to none; Interpretation of this added to social unrest. |
| Twelve Articles | demands of peasants to end abuses by nobles; believed they were supported by Scriptures and Luther (1525) |
| Against the murderous Thieving Hordes | Luther's work harshly scolding the peasants for the uprising that followed the Twelve Articles and a misinterpretation of On Christian Liberty |
| Geneva | john Calvin's thocratic church city; the model Calvinist community beginning in 1541 |
| The Institutes of The Christian Religion | first published in 1536, this work by Calvin defined Calvinist principles, including the omnipotence of God and the weakness of humans |
| Index of Prohibited Books | list of reform literature and other texts the Catholic Church found distasteful and banned in the 1500's |
| Supremacy Act | Act of Parliament in 1534 that made Henry VIII head of the Church of England, making the split with Rome final |
| Peace of Augsburg | In 1555 this ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars; It proclaimed that, in the German states,the religion of the people would be that of their prince, resulting in a more divided Germany |
| Calvinism | Religion that believes thatthe elect are predestined for heaven and forbade merrymaking; established by Calvin after his 1533 religious crisis |
| Transubstantiation | Cathoic belief that Christ is both physically and spiritually present in the Eucharist |
| Consubstantiation | belief held by many reformers that Christ is only spiritually present in the Eucharist |
| Habsburg -Valois Wars | Wars fought between French kings and Charles V over land that had come to the Habsburg's through Mary of Burgundy's marriage; fought in German states |
| Predestination | Calvinist doctrine stating that only those already chosen by God will go to heaven |
| Anabaptists | Believed only adults could make a free choice of their religion and did not baptize children; believed only a few received the inner light. The destitute were attracted to their practice of sharing goods. They were persecuted by everyone |
| Puritans | English who wanted to eliminate anything remotely Catholic in the Anglican Church |
| Dissolution of the Monasteries | Henry VIII's attempt to redistribute wealth more equally in England; resulted in a severe cultural loss instead |
| Presbtyers | ministers and Church government of the Presbyterian Church |
| Council of Trent | (1545-1563) Catholic council that failed to reconcile protestants and Catholics but succeeded in reforming the Church |
| Society of Jesus | Catholic order founded by Ignatius of Loyola; militant powerful force in the Counter-Reformation, especially in politics |
| Ursuline Order | Catholic order of sisters founded by Angela Merici during the Counter- Reformation; they emphasized the education of women |
