| A | B |
|---|
| reproduction | parents produce a new generation of cells or multicelled individuals like themselves |
| mitosis | type of nuclear division that maintains the arental chromosome number for daughter cells |
| meiosis | 2 stage nuclear divison process that halves that chromosome number of a parental germ cells. each daughter nucleus receives one of each type of chromosome |
| somatic cells | cytoplasmic divison of body cells |
| germ cells | a cell lineage set aside for the formation of gametes and sexual reproduction |
| chromosome | a dna molecule with its attached proteins |
| sister chromatids | of a duplicated chromosome, one of two dna molecules attached at the centromere until they are seperated from each other during mitosis or meisosis. |
| centromere | a small region with attachement sites for microtubules that move the chromosome during nuclear division |
| chromosome number | the sum total of chromosomse in cells of a given type |
| diploid | (2n) a cell has 2 of each rtpe of chromosome characteristix of the species |
| cell cycle | starts when new cells form, and end when those cells complete their own division |
| interphase | longest phase of cell cycle (3 parts) |
| prophase | stage when duplicated chromosomes start to condecse, microtubules form a spindle, and the nuclear envelope starts to break ip |
| metaphase | stage when all pairs of homogolous chromosomes have become positioned at the spindle equator |
| anaphase | stage when sister chromatids of each chromosome move apart to opposite spindle poles |
| telophase | stage when one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes has arrived at a spindle pole |
| spindle apparatus | consists of microtubules organized into 2 sets (?) |
| centrioles | structure that gives rise to microtubules of cilia and flagella |
| cytoplasmic division | cytokinesis |
| cell plate formation | involved in cytoplasmic division |
| cleavage furrow | indentation in the plasma membrane |
| histones | are like spools for winding up small stretched of fna |
| nucleosome | each histon-dna spool is this |
| kinetochores | small, disk-shaped structures at the surface of centromeres serve as the docking sites for spindle microtubules |
| motor proteins | accessory proteins for cytoskeletal elements |
| HeLa cells | first successful human cell structure |
