| A | B |
|---|
| two parts of the nervous system | central nervous system (CNS) & peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
| central nervous system components | brain & spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system components | cranial nerves (carry impulses between the brain, neck, & head) & spinal nerves (carry impulses between the spinal cord and abdomen, limbs, & chest) |
| brain | major portion of the central nervous system |
| structure of cerebrum | largest portion of the brain, divided into right and left hemispeheres |
| function of cerebrum | controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses (temperature, pain, touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing; intellect, memory, and emotional reactions all take place here |
| ventricles | spaces within the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid |
| cerebrospinal fluid | clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord |
| structure of cerebellum | located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum |
| function of cerebellum | to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance |
| brainstem | stem-like portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord;10 of the 12 cranial nerves originate here |
| pons | connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem |
| medulla oblongata | located between the pons and spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls |
| midbrain | most superior portion of the brainstem |
| structure of spinal cord | passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra |
| function of spinal cord | conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain |
| meninges | three layers of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | tough outer layer of the meninges |
| arachnoid | delicate middle layer of the meninges that is loosely attached to the pia mater to allow for the subarachnoid space |
| pia mater | thin inner layer of the meninges |
| nerve | cord-like structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another |
| ganglion (pl. – ganglia) | group of nerve bodies located outside the central nervous system |
| glia | cells that form support and nourish nervous tissue that do not conduct impulses |
| types of glia | astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia |
| neuron | conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system |
| -iatrist | specialist, physician |
| -iatry | treatment, specialty |
| -ictal | seizure |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum, brain |
| dur/o | hard, dura mater |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gangli/o, ganglion/o | ganglion |
| gli/o | glia (neuroglia), gluey substance |
| mening/i, mening/o | meninges |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o | proximal end of a peripheral nerve closest to the spinal cord |
| esthesi/o | sensation, sensitivity, feeling |
| ment/o, phren/o, psych/o | mind |
| mon/o | one |
| phas/o | speech |
| poli/o | gray matter |
| quadr/i | four |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral thrombosis | blood clot in a blood vessel of the brain; a type of stroke |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura mater |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalomalacia | softening of the brain |
| encephalomyeloradiculitis | inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve roots |
| gangliitis | inflammation of the ganglion |
| glioblastoma | malignant tumor composed of developing glial tissue |
| glioma | tumor composed of the glial tissue; all primary neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningioma | benign and slow growing tumor of the meninges |
| meningocele | protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral column |
| meningomyelocele | protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through the vertebral column |
| mononeuropathy | disease affecting a single nerve |
| neuralgia | pain in a nerve |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| neuroarthropathy | diseases of nerves and joints |
| neuroma | tumor made up of nerve cells |
| neuropathy | disease of the peripheral nerves |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| polyneuropathy | disease of many nerves |
