| A | B |
|---|
| Bering Land Bridge | a land bridge connecting Alaska and Russia that emerged from underwater |
| Paleo-Indians | the first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America |
| migration | a movement of people or animals from one region to another |
| hunters-gatherers | people who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food |
| environments | climates and landscapes that surround living things |
| culture | a group's set of common values and traditions, including language, government, and family |
| pueblos | aboveground houses made of heavy clay called adobe |
| kivas | underground ceremonial chambers |
| totems | ancestor or animal spirits on tall wooden poles |
| teepees | cone-shaped shelters |
| matrilineal | people traced their ancestry through their mothers, not their fathers |
| Iroquois League | an alliance established by the Cayuga, Mohawk, Onandaga, and Seneca |
| Berbers | a group of people from Northern Africa |
| Mansa Musa | Mali's most famous ruler (muslim) |
| hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| mosques | building for Muslim prayer |
| Askia the Great | One of Songhai's greatest ruler |
| Socrates | wanted people to think and question their own beliefs |
| Plato | philosopher who wrote, The Philosopher |
| Aristotle | taught that people should live lives based on clear thinking |
| reason | clear, ordered thinking |
| democracy | a form of government in which people rule themselves |
| knights | warriors who fought on horseback |
| Black Death | a disease that spread across Europe killing about 25 million people |
| Michelangelo | Renaissance artist who was also an inventor, engineer, and mapmaker |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance artist |
| Johannes Gutenberg | developed a printing press that used movable type |
| joint-stock companies | business in which a group of people invest together |
| democracy | a government where people rule themselves by majority |
| republic | a government created to ruke the majority |
| culture area | geographic areas that influence societies |
