| A | B |
|---|
| Charles VI (Hapsburg) | r.1711-1740) proclaimed Pragmatic Sanction (stated that Habsburg possessions were never to be divided & were always to be passed intacted to a single heir); restored traditional privileges to Hungary in return for their acceptance of hereditary rule. |
| Mikhail Romanov | Man elected Czar by the boyars in 1613 to end to Time of Troubles. Dynasty extended through Peter the Great all the way to 1917. |
| Stenka Razin | persuasive Don Cossack who led the largest peasant revolt in Russia during the seventeenth century (1670- 1671) The nobility was badly frightened and focused all their energy on keeping the peasants down thereafter |
| Frederick William The Great Elector | (r.1640-1688), determined to unify his seperate provinces by diplomacy and war, constantly struggled w the estates for freedom of taxation, financial independance, and superior force |
| Frederick William I, "The Soldiers' King" | established Prussian absolutism; very strict and millitary-based; created a strong centralized bureaucracy; local government vanished and many commoners rose to high positions in the government during his rule; army went from 38,000 to 83,000 (fourth largest in Europe) |
| Jeghiz Khan | (1162-1227) Great leader of the Mongols. A great conqueror, his army subdued all of China in 5 years, and conquering everything until the plains of Hungary. |
| Ivan I, "Ivan Moneybags" | (r. 1328-1341) very wealthy, and nicknamed "moneybags" for it; rival was Tver; Ivan commanded a large russian army which laid waste to Tver; was honored by being named tax collector for Slavic lands and great prince; helped gain moscow and the princeship prestige |
| Ivan IV, "Ivan the Terrible" | r. 1533-1584); crowned himself, first to take title of tsar, wife was Romanov Anastasia, defeated remnants of Mongol power, owned all the land and even wealthiest merchants depended on him-2nd half of reign: blamed the death of his wife on the boyars and had a secret police kill them all including all their relatives, servants, etc.; his enless wars left central Russia depopulated and peasants fled to the south and east from the over demanding nobles and became known as the cossacks. |
| Anastasia | the beautiful and kind wife of Ivan IV(Ivan the Terrible). She was a member of the popular Romanov family. She died a sudden death in 1560, which Ivan IV blames the boyars for.Her death caused Ivan IV to begin to strike down all who stood in his way. |
| Peter the Great | - (r.1682-1725) czar of russia; helped wage war on poland, lost battles but eventually won war; created strong army; Creted "meritocracy"; Murdered son Aleksi; because russaia became more westernized and the nobles became more educated, a larger gap was created between the elite and the common people; created capital at St petersburg; forced peasants to build city; mostly nobles lived in city |
| Robot | three day per week of unpaid labor-> enforce by Habsburgs on Bohemia. |
| Junkers | nobility and landowning classes in Branderburg and Prussia who dominated the Estates. |
| "Prussian Spirit" | strict military values and ideals forced upon the people of Prussia by Frederick William I "Soldiers' King"; reason for Prussia "Sparta of the North" |
| Janissary Corps | less fortunate slaves who formed the core of the sultan's army. |
| Mongol Yoke | the period when the Russian monarchy developed; the princes of Moscow were able to consolidate their position by serving the Khan and eventually establish their independence |
| Service Nobility | formed in2nd part of Ivan IV's reign-> all nobles had to serve tsar in order to hold any land. |
| Soul Tax | tax imposed by Peter the Great that focused on people -"souls"- rather than land as the primary unit of taxation. |
| Third Rome | idea/name promoted by Orthodox churchman about"holy Russia"-> believed this new "rome" would stand. |
| Cossacks | former peasants who fled to woods, became free groups and outlaw armies then rallied peasants and killed nobles and officials. |
| White Mountain | (1620) site of a battle during the 30 yrs. war where a revolt headed by the bohemian estates defending protestantism was crushed. ferdinand II, the victorious king, drastically reduced the power of the estates as a result. |
| St. Petersburg | built on the site of a small swedish camp on a swamp taken over by peter the great in 1702. he built a city with slave labor, killing many, and made it his new capital of russia. |
| Tsar/Czar | an absolute and unique ruler of Russia |
