| A | B |
|---|
| Hangzhou | one of the world's largest cities that was part of the Chinese empire |
| Muhammad | The founder of the religion known as Islam |
| mound builders | groups of people who lived about 3,000 years ago in North America in an area that stretched from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi Valley; they built large piles of earth for burial places |
| Iroquois Nation | lived in what is now New York and was made up of five different nations |
| Islam | people who follow this religion are known as Muslims; believed that the Quran , the sacred book, contained the exact word of God as revealed to Muhammad |
| Judaism | a system of beliefs which arose among the Israelites |
| Christianity | a religion that began about 2,000 years ago when a Jewish teacher named Jesus of Nazareth preached in the region arouind the Sea of Galilee; he was believed to be the Messiah |
| Romans | people who were threatened by the spread of Christianity and arrested Christians and put them to death |
| Roman Empire | large civilization that accepted Chrisitianity as its official religion |
| Roman Senate | a group of people elected by the people which became the chief governing and law- making body of Rome |
| Crusades | This holy war brought Europeans in closer contact with the more advanced Muslim civilization; new foods and spices were tasted, technology advanced, and Europeans were interested now in trading overseas |
| Henry the Navigator | brother to the king of Portugal who was a leader in exploration; brought mathematicians, geographers, and sea captains, to an exploration center to teach his crews |
| Vasco da Gama | a Portuguese sailor who passed the southern tip of Africa and continued north and east to India; this course became an important trade route |
| Roman Catholic Church | had great power in the Middle Ages; daily life was centered around the rituals; Also was the center of learning- VERY FEW PEOPLE KNEW HOW TO READ OR WRITE IF THEY WERE NOT MEMBERS OF THE CLERGY |
| Timbuktu | a great city of learning which was part of the empire known as Mali |
| Zimbabwe | a powerful trade center which became the center of a flourishing ( growing) empire in eastern Africa in the 1400s |
| glacier | thick sheets of ice |
| irrigaton | a method to water crops by channeling water from rivers to streams |
| surplus | extra |
| civilization | an advanced culture in which peopl have developed cities, science, and industries |
| culture | ways of life |
| culture area | regions in which groups of people have a similar way of life |
| kayak | small boats made from skins |
| potlatch | a ceremony at which the hosts showered their guests with gifts |
| adobe | sun-dried brick |
| clans | groups of families that were related to one another |
| sachem | tribal chief |
| Muhammad | the founder of Islam |
| Mansa Musa | a Muslim ruler during the time that Mali reached its height |
| navigation | the science of locating the position and plotting the course of ships |
| Zheng He | The Chinese explorer who made several voyages with a fleet of more than 300 giant ships visiting 30 nations and trading silks and pottery |
| monotheism | the idea that there is only one God |
| Jesus | a Jewish teacher who preached in the region around the Sea of Galilee believed to be the Messiah |
| salvation | everlasting life |
| direct democracy | a form of government in which an assembly of ordinary citizens makes decisions |
| republic | a form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them |
| feudalism | a system in which a ruler grants parts of his land to lords |
| Martin Luther | a German Monk who demanded that the Roman Catholic Church reform |
