| A | B |
|---|
| mitosis | process in which cell nucleus divides producing two nuclei with the same number of chromosomes as the parent |
| chromosomes | structures in the nucleus that contain DNA |
| asexual reproduction | production of offspring by one parent |
| sexual reproduction | offspring produced by two parents |
| interphase | chromosomes are not visible but are duplicating themselves |
| prophase | chromosomes become visible and the nucleolus and nuclear membrane fade |
| metaphase | the double-stranded chromosomes line up around the center of the cell and attaches to a spindle fiber |
| anaphase | the two strands of each chromosome separate and begin to move to opposites ends of the cell |
| telophase | chromosomes stretch out and become harder to see and a nuclear membrane forms around each mass of chromosomes the cytoplasm pinches in to form new cells |
| 46 | number of chromosomes in human cells after mitosis |
| 8 | number of chromosomes in fruit fly cells after mitosis |
| sperm | male sex cell |
| egg | female sex cell |
| fertilization | joining of an egg and sperm cell |
| zygote | cell that forms in fertilization |
| meiosis | process of nuclear that produces sex cells |
| 23 | chromosomes in human sex cell |
| DNA | nucleic acid with double strands that control cell activities |
| gene | section of DNA that directs making of a specific protein |
| RNA | nucleic acid made of one strand that carries code from the nucleus to ribosomes |
| mutation | permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell |
