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| followers of Taylor were Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, who early in the 1900s collaborated on the development of | Frank & Lillian Gilbreth |
| world renowned for their pioneering work in the fields of time and motion study, fatigue study, work simplification, scientific management, and ergonomics | Frank & Lillian Gilbreth |
| instrumental in creating the Taylor Society | Frank & Lillian Gilbreth |
| They broke away from Taylor in 1914 and formed their own form of scientific management, which focused on the | human element as well as the technical. |
| Frank designed systems to ease worker fatigue and increase productivity by | studying each movement a worker made, in a process he called micromotion study. |
| The Gilbreths used still photographs and film strips to | study worker movements in order to devise the “ One Best Way” to perform a task. |
| Bricklaying Ergonomics | By studing the various approaches he began eliminating unnecessary motions |
| The Gilbreths often filmed a worker performing a particular task and then | separated the task actions, frame by frame, into their component movements. |
| The Gilbreth's goal of filming workers was | to maximize the efficiency with which each individual task was performed so that gains across tasks would add up to enormous savings of time and effort. |
| Frank Gilbreth said, “The greatest waste in the world... | comes from needless, ill-directed, and ineffective motions |
| Time Study | worked by timing how long it took a “first-class man” to complete each part of his job |
| Motion study | broke each task or job into separate motions and then eliminated those that were unnecessary or repetitive |
| Because most film cameras were hand-cranked, and thus erratic in their film speed, Frank Gilbreth invented the | micro chronometer, a large clock that could record time to 1/2,000th of a second |
| In thier study of fatigue they discovered that certain factors could lead to increased fatigue such as.... | lighting, heating, the color of walls, and the design of tools and machines |
| substantial philosophical difference between the Gilbreths and Taylor | symbol of Taylorism was the stopwatch, and Taylorism was primarily concerned with reducing the time of processes...The Gilbreths sought to make processes more efficient by reducing the motions involved. They saw their approach as more concerned with workers' welfare than was Taylorism, which workers often perceived as primarily concerned with profit. |
| Frank and Lillian Gilbreth often used ____ as guinea pigs in experiments | their large family (and Frank himself) |
| Their attempts to develop improved management principles were captured—at times quite humorously—in the movie | Cheaper by the Dozen |
| The First Lady of Engineering | Lillian Gilbreth |
