| A | B |
|---|
| Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds | Autotroph |
| An organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes | Heterotroph |
| Chemical compound that living things use to store and release energy | Adenosine triphosphate |
| Process by which plants and some other organisms use light to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | Photosynthesis |
| Light absorbing molecule | Pigment |
| Principal pigment that captures light energy | Chlorophyll |
| Saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts | Thylakoid |
| Light collecting units of the chloroplast | Photosystem |
| Region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts | Stroma |
| one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules | NADP+ |
| Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH+ | Light-dependent reactions |
| Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP | ATP synthase |
| Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH+ is used to build high energy compounds such as sugars | Calvin cycle |
| Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celius | Calorie |
| The first step of cellular respiration, where one molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid | Glycolysis |
| Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | Cellular respiration |
| Electron carrier involved in glycolysis | NAD+ |
| Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen | Fermentation |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic |
| With oxygen | Aerobic |
| Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions | Kreb's Cycle |
| A series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP | Electron transport chain |
