| A | B |
|---|
| bacteria | prokaryotic; 3 basic shapes-rod, sphere, spiral |
| cocci | sphere-shaped |
| bacilli | rod-shaped |
| spirilla | spiral-shaped |
| prokaryotic | do not contain membrane-bound structures such as a nucleus |
| flagellum | long, whiplike structure used in movement |
| binary fission | process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction involving only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving two parents combining genetic material to produce a new organism |
| aerobes | need oxygen for respiration |
| anaerobes | do not need oxygen; may not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen |
| cyanobacteria | autotrophic; commonly called blue-green bacteria; may be yellow, red, or black |
| Archaebacteria | prokaryote; autotrophic or heterotrophic; unicellular; unique chemical make-up; live in areas with extreme conditions |
| Eubacteria | prokaryote; autotrophic or heterotrophic; unicellular; different chemical make-up than the other bacteria; mostly free-living; found in varied environments |
| conjugation | transferring of genetic material from one bacterium to another |
| endospore | small, rounded, thick-walled resting cell that forms in a bacterial cell when conditions are not conducive for the survival of the cell |
| toxin | poison |
| pathogens (pathogenic bacteria) | bacteria that cause disease |
| antibiotics | medication that can kill bacteria without harming a person's own cells |
| infectious disease | an illness that can pass from one organism to another |
| saprophyte | use dead organisms as food and energy sources |
| nitrogen-fixing bacteria | found in the soil and plant roots; change nitrogen from the air to a form that plants and animals can use |
| bioremediation | using bacteria to clean up environmental pollution |
| pasteurization | process of limited heating to kill harmful bacteria in food |
| methane-producing bacteria | bacteria that digest wastes and provide a source of fuel |
| bioreactor | large, carefully controlled containers used to make medicines and other products |
