| A | B |
|---|
| negative feedback | type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change |
| urea | compound formed in the liver from ammonia and carbon dioxide and excreted primarily by the kidneys |
| excretion | removal of nitrogen-containing wastes from the body |
| hormone | signal molecule released into the bloodstream that triggers particular responses |
| endocrine gland | organ of the endocrine system that secretes hormones |
| target cell | cell with chemical receptors that cause it to respond to a particular hormone |
| kidney | main organ of the excretory system; excretes waste products and regulates water and salt balance |
| urine | liquid composed of water, urea, and other waste products; produced by the kidneys |
| ureter | tube extending from each kidney that carries urine to the urinary bladder |
| urinary bladder | sac that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body |
| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder through which urine exits the body |
| nephron | one of millions of tubes and its associated blood vessels in a kidney that extracts filtrate from the blood and refines it into urine |
| glomerulus | ball of capillaries in each nephron of a kidney that is the site of filtration |
| dialysis | a procedure that simulates the functioning of the kidneys by processing blood outside the body to remove toxic substances |
| hepatitis | disease, usually viral, characterized by inflammation of the liver |
| cirrhosis | condition in which the liver is so scarred that it can no longer function |
| hypothalamus | region of the brain that is the "master control center" of the endocrine system; functions in maintaining homestasis by regulating temperature, blood pressure, and other conditions |
| pituitary gland | gland consisting of the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary, which is controlled by the hypothalamus and influences many body functions |
| releasing hormone | hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that regulates the release of other hormones from the anterior pituitary |
| thyroid | endocrine gland that secretes hormones including thyroxin and calcitonin |
| pancreas | gland that makes digestive enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine; makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood |
| diabetes | disease in which body cells cannot absorb enough glucose from the blood |
| adrenal gland | one of a pair of endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys |
