| A | B |
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| genetics | The branch of biology that studies traits and their inheritance |
| heredity | The passing of traits from parents to their young |
| trait | A characteristic that a living thing can pass on to its offspring |
| allele | One of a number of different forms of the same gene for a specific trait |
| phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| homozygous | A word describing an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | A word describing an organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait |
| dominance | The biological principle that recognizes that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive |
| dominant | A form of a gene (allele) that is expressed even if present with a contrasting recessive allele |
| recessive | A form of a gene (allele) that is only expressed when two copies are present |
| gene | A section of DNA that carries encoded information about a specific trait (information for a protein) |
