| A | B |
|---|
| Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) | Internet protocol used to map an IP address to a MAC address. |
| BOOTP | Protocol used by a network node to determine the IP address of its Ethernet interfaces, in order to affect network booting. |
| connection-oriented | Term used to describe data transfer that requires the establishment of a virtual circuit before transmission |
| connectionless | Term used to describe data transfer without the existence of a virtual circuit |
| datagram | Logical grouping of information sent as a network layer unit over a transmission medium without prior establishment of a virtual circuit. |
| dynamic address resolution | Use of an address resolution protocol to determine and store address information on demand. |
| Enhanced IGRP | Provides superior convergence properties and operating efficiency, and combines the advantages of link state protocols with those of distance vector protocols. Advanced version of IGRP developed by Cisco |
| Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) | Network layer Internet protocol that reports errors and provides other information relevant to IP packet processing |
| Internet Protocol (IP) | Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack offering a connectionless internetwork service that features for addressing, type-of-service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security. |
| Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) | Protocol in the TCP/IP stack that provides a method for finding IP addresses based on MAC addresses. |
| routed protocol | Protocol that can be routed by a router. A router must be able to interpret the logical internetwork as specified by these protocols. Examples of this type of protocols include AppleTalk, DECnet, and IP. |
| router | Network layer device that uses one or more metrics to determine the optimal path along which network traffic should be forwarded. |
| routing | Process of finding a path to a destination host. |
| routing protocol | Protocol that accomplishes routing through the implementation of a specific routing algorithm. Examples of these types protocols include IGRP, OSPF, and RIP. |
| routing table | Table stored in a router or some other internetworking device that keeps track of routes to particular network destinations and, in some cases, metrics associated with those routes. |
| routing metric | Method by which a routing algorithm determines that one route is better than another. This information is stored in routing tables. Metrics include bandwidth, communication cost, delay, hop count, load, MTU, path cost, and reliability |
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) | Common name for the suite of protocols developed by the U.S. DoD in the 1970s to support the construction of worldwide internetworks. |
| Layer 3 - IP | Routers use a ________addressing scheme to make forwarding decisions. |
| Routers are used to connect | separate networks and to access the worldwide Internet. |
| Routers connect two or more networks, each of which must have a unique | network number in order for routing to be successful. |
| interface | A router’s attachment to a network is called an |
| In IP routing, each router interface must have a separate, unique | network (or subnetwork) address |
| Static Addressing | go to each individual device and configure it with an IP address. |
| Dynamic Addressing | RARP, BOOTP and DHCP |
| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | allows a host to obtain an IP address quickly and dynamically - all that is required is a defined range of IP addresses on a special server. |
| The IP packet is divided into two major components: | the header, which includes source and destination addresses; and the data. |
| One of the many features of ICMP is echo-request/echo-reply, | , which is a component that tests whether a packet can reach a destination by pinging the destination. |
| Layer 3 protocols determine whether data passes | beyond the network layer to higher levels of the OSI model. |
| ARP tables are sections of | RAM memory |
| a MAC broadcast address would have the form | FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF |
| To ensure that all devices see the ARP request, the source uses a | broadcast MAC address. |
| All devices on the local network receive the ARP request packets and | pass them up to the network layer for further examination |
| ARP reply | Responding to an ARP request with your MAC address if your IP address matches the destination IP address in the ARP request |
| default gateway | The IP address of the interface on the router that connects to the network segment on which the source host is located . |
| If no default gateway is defined, | communication is possible only on the device’s own logical network segment. |
| Routers, however, do not forward | broadcast packets. |
| In order for a device to send data to the address of a device that is on another network segment | , the source device sends the data to a default gateway. |
| The source host compares the destination IP address and its own IP address to determine if the two IP addresses are located on the same segment. If the receiving host is not on the same segment, the source host sends the data to the default gateway. | the source host sends the data to the default gateway. |
| Routers running proxy ARP capture ARP packets. For those requests in which the IP address is not in the range of addresses of the local subnet. | They respond with their MAC addresses |
| proxy ARP | the router will respond with its own MAC address for the interface that is directly connected to the segment on which the source host is located if the ARP request an address outside the segment |
