| A | B |
|---|
| Infection | Invasion of susceptible host by microorgqanisms |
| Microorganisms | Bacteria, viruses, fungi |
| Colonization | Microorganism present, invades and multiplies but dopes not cause infection |
| Communicable disease | Infectious disease transmitted from one person to another |
| Virulence | Very pathogenic or rapidly progressing condition |
| Nosocomial infection | Infection acquired during hospitalization |
| Normal flora | Microorgainisms living on or within body and do not cause disease |
| Carriers | Person who harbors and spreads an organism that causes disease in others but does not become ill |
| Reservoir | Places where microorganisms can survive |
| Portal of entry | Where organisms enter the body |
| Pathogenicity | Ability of pathogenic agent to produce disease |
| Pathogens | Microorganisms capable of producing disease |
| Immunity | The quality of being susceptible to or unaffected by a disease |
| Inflammation | Protectice response of body tissues to irritation or injury |
| Suprainfection | Secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen |
| Asceptic technique | Healthcare procedure in which precautions are used to prevent contamination by microorganisms |
| Medical asepsis | Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevnet spread |
| Surgical asepsis | Procedures used to eliminate any microorganisms from an area |
| Airborne precautions | Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents through air person breaths |
| Contact precautions | Safeguards designed to reduce risk of transmission of microorganisms by direct or indirect contact |
| Droplet precautions | Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents |
| Body mechanics | refers to the way the body is moved to prevent injury to oneself and others. |
| Standard precautions are | Designed to reduce the transmission of microorganisms |
| Transmission-based precautions are | Used for patients with known or suspected infection |
| Sterilization is the removal | all microorganisms, including viruses and endospores |
| A class A extinguisher is used on | paper, wood, trash, cloth, upholstery, rubber, and similar materials. |
| A class B extinguisher is used on | on fuel oil, gas, paint, solvents, and other flammable liquids |
| A class C extinguisher is used on | electrical equipment, fuse boxes, wiring, and appliances |
| A class D extinguisher | is used on metals |
| Measles and varicella | are airborne transmission-based diseases |
| Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | MRSA |
| Infection | is a reaction caused by a microorganism |
| The primary method of protection from infection | is a good hand washing technique |
| Antiseptics | inhibit the growth of bacteria. |
| OSHA | sets standards of safety for the workplace and enforces those standards |
| Body mechanics | is the way the body is moved to prevent injury to oneself and others. |
| Free of living microorganisms | Sterile |
| Standard precautions | CDC guidelines for infection control that apply to all body fluids of all patients all the time |
| Soiled, made unclean, or infected with pathogens | Contaminated |
| The three elements required for an infection | are a source of microorganisms, a susceptible host, and a means of transmission. |
| OSHA’s two functions | are to establish standards of safety for the workplace and to enforce those standards. |
| CDC guidelines for infection control that apply to patients with known or suspected infections | Transmission-based precautions |
| personal protective equipment | gloves, gowns, eye protection, footwear, and head covers. |
| bacteria | simple microscopic organisms that are widespread throughout the world, and some of which can produce disease |
| cocci | round bacteria which may be in clusters (staphylococco), chains (streptococci), and other formations; can cause pneumonia, rheumatic fever, food poisoning, septicemia, urinary tract infections, or gonorrhea. |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria; can cause typhoid, dysentery, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, botulism, tetanus. |
| spi-rochetes | corkscrew-shaped bacteria; can cause Lyme disease, syphilis, Vincent's disease |
| chlamydia | organisms smaller that bacteria that, like viruses, grow in living cells, but are susceptible to antibiotics; can cause conjunctivitis, trachoma, pelvic inflmmatory disease and other sexually transmitted diseases. |
| rickettsia | similar in growth to chlamydia; can cause typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever. |
| viruses | submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only with living cells; can cause colds, herpes, hepatitis, measles, chickenpos, influenza, and AIDS. |
| fungi | simple, nongreen plants, some of which are parasitic, includes yeasts and molds; can cause candidiasis, skin infections, valley fever. |
| protozoa | single-celled animals; can cause dysentery, Trichomonas infections, malaria. |
| helminths | worms; can cause trichinosis, infestations with roundworms, pinworms , and hookworms. |
| benign | not recurrent or malignant, favorable for recovery; describing tumors which do not spread (metastasize) |
| carcinoma | malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells |
| cyst | a filled sac or pouch that is usually abnormal; also used as a root word meaning a normal bladder or sac (such as urinary bladder or gallbladder) |
| hernia | protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening; a rupture |
| malignant | growing worse, harmful, tending to cause death, describing tumors that spread |
| neoplasm | an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue(tumor) that may be benign or malignant |
| parasite | an organism that grows on or in another organism causing damage to it |
| pathogen | an organism capable of causing disease |
| prolapse | a dropping of an organ or part(ptosis) |
| pus | a product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells |
| sarcoma | a malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue |
| toxin | a poison |
| acute | sudden, severe; having a short course |
| acid-fast stain | a lab staining procedure used mainly to identify the tuberculosis organism |
| chronic | of long duration; progressing slowly |
| etiology | the cause of a disease |
| exacerbation | worsening of disease; increased severity of a disease or its symptoms |
| iatrogenic | caused by the effects of treatment |
| Gram stain | a lab staining procedure that divides bacteria into two groups; Gram positive, (which stain blue), and Gram negative(which stain red) |
| idiopathic | having no known cause |
| in situ | localized, noninvasive( in position); said of tumors that do not spread(metastisize) such as sarcoma in situ |
| nosocomial | describes an infection acquired in a hospital |
| opportunistic | describes an infection that occurs because of a poor or altered condition of the host |
| remission | a lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which such lessening occurs |
| sepsis | the presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues |
| septicemia | presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood; blood poisoning |
| systemic | pertaining to the whole body |
| trauma | a physical or psychological wound or injury |
| abscess | a localized collection of pus |
| adhesion | a uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated |
| effusion | escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part |
| exudate | material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of injury to tissues |
| lesion | a distinct area of damaged tissue; an injury or wound |
