| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | genetic material found in all living cells that contains information needed for an organism to grow, live & reproduce |
| gene | a unit of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome that codes for a trait |
| chromosome | string like structures made of DNA in the nucleus of a cell that contains genes |
| alleles | various forms of the same gene |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism; all the genes that an organism has |
| phenotype | the observable characteristics or traits of an organism |
| dominant trait | characteristic that only needs one copy of that form of the gene to be visible |
| recessive trait | characteristic that needs 2 copies of that form of the gene to be visible |
| Punnett square | a chart used to show the probability of how the parental genes may combine and be passed to the offspring |
| meiosis | a form of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells that produces sperm in males and eggs in females (haploid) |
| egg | a female reproductive cell (gamete) |
| fertilization | the process that takes place when a sperm and an egg combine to form one new cell |
| mutation | any change made to DNA |
