| A | B |
|---|
| How many bones does a skeleton contain? | 206 |
| ligaments | strong bands of connective tissue |
| cartilage | pads of smooth elastic connective tissue found between bones |
| What age do bones stop growing? | 25 |
| Why are bones hard? | high concentration of minerals such as calcium and phosphorous |
| Why does the human body have a skeleton? | support, movement, protection, minerals, blood cells |
| What are the two regions the skull can be divided into? | the cranium and the face |
| Cranium | eight broad thin bonescontains the brain |
| bones of the face | support and protect the eyes, nose, ears, and mouth |
| frontal bone | forms the forehead |
| occipital | back of the skull |
| parietal bones | top of the skull |
| temporal bones | temple area above the ears |
| sphenoid bones | behind the eyes |
| sutures | wavy lines in the cranium where bones are joined |
| How many bones make up the face of the skull? | 14 |
| cheekbones | zygomatic bones |
| upper jaw | maxilla |
| lower jaw | mandible |
| spinal column | backbone is the central support of the body |
| vertebrae | flexible column of bones |
| cervical vertebrae | 1-7 bones form the neck |
| thoracic vertebrae | next tweleve each have a pair of ribs attached to them |
| lumbar vertebrae | next five form the lower back |
| sacrum | next 5 fused into one bone attached to the pelvis |
| pelvis | hip bones connected to the acrum |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| How many vertebrae are there in all? | 33 |
| What are the shock absorber pads found between the vertebrae? | small discs of cartilage |
| Where is the spinal cord? | in a long canal formed when the vertebrae line up |
| What is the job of the spinal cord? | conveys messages up and down the body |
| How is the chest formed? | by twelve pairs oif ribs attached to the spinal column at the back and to the stermum in the front |
| What is the sternum? | a single dagger shaped bone divided into three regions manubrium, body and xiphoid |
| What does the sternum do? | supports the chest wall and serves as an attachment for muscles |
| How are the ribs attached to the sternum? | by cartilage which gives the rib cage the flexibility it needs to expand during inhalation |
| What are the top seven pairs of ribs? | true ribs since they connect directly to the sternum |
| What are the bottom five pairs of ribs called? | False ribs since they do not connect directly to the sternum |
| What are the bottom two pair called? | Floating ribs that do not attach in the front |
| How are your arms attached? | At the shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle |
| Why is it called a girdle? | the bones make a sort of ring around the body |
| What does the ring consist of ? | two collarbones or clavicles in the front and two shoulder blades or scapaulas in the back |
| collarbones | clavicles |
| shoulder blades | scapulas |
| How are the legs attach to the skeleton? | at the hip girdle or pelvic girdle formed by the two pelvic or hipbones |
| upper arm | humerus |
| lower arm | radius and ulna |
| What does the radius do? | It is nearest the thumb and rotates around the ulna making a small circle when the hand is turned over |
| What is the third region of the arm? | hand it is divided into the wrist, palm and fingers |
| How is the wrist composed? | eight small bones called carpals |
| How is the palm composed? | five long bones called metacarpals |
| fingers | phalanges that has bones except the thumb which has two bones |
| upper leg | femur which is the largest and strongest bone in the skeleton and attaches to the hip or pelvic bone |
| lower leg | large shinbone-tibia and smaller bone fibia |
| foot | ankle, sole, toes |
| ankle | seven bones called tarsals |
| sole | 5 long bones metatarsals |
| toes | phalanges |
| kneecap | patella |
| joint | place where two bones meet |
| What are the two types of joints? | movable nad immovable joints |
| Immovable joints | do not permit movement, suture joints of the skull, fused bones of the sacrum and coccyx |
| Hinge joints | found in the knee and elbow permit back and forth motion in one direction |
| Ball and Socket joints | hip and shoulder joints that permit a full range of motion |
| Pivot joints | base of the skull that allows movement of the head in a circular motion |
| Gliding joints | wrist and ankle that move slightly over one another permitting movement |
| Muscles | responsible for all the movements of the body |
| What are the three types of muscles? | Smooth, Skeletal and Cardiac |
| Smooth muscle | cannot be consciously controlled and is called involuntary muscle |
| Where is smooth muscle found? | lining the walls of your stomach, intestines, respiratory track, arteries, veins |
| Skeletal muscle | can be consciously controlled nad is called voluntary muscle |
| flexor muscle | bends a joint toward the body, biceps |
| extensor muscle | straightens out the joint, triceps |
| tendons | connect all skeletal muscles to bones |
| How do muscles work? | muscles work in pairs ro each muscle there is anothe muscle opposite it muscles can only push |
| cardiac muscle | found only in the hear it is an involuntary muscle |
