| A | B |
|---|
| Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
| Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| True-breeding | Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring indentical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| Trait | Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Gene | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Gamete | Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction |
| Probability | Likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett Square | Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| Homozygous | Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| Heterozygous | Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organismP |
| Homologous | Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent |
| Diploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| Haploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
| Tetrad | Structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| Crossing-over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
