| A | B |
|---|
| organization | orderly structure of cells in an organism |
| cell | basic structural and functional unit of all living things |
| cell theory | theory that all organisms are made of one or more cell, which are the basic units of life, and that all cells come from other cells |
| plasma membrane | boundary that helps control what enters and leaves a cell |
| organelle | membrane-bound structure with special functions wihin eukaryotic cells |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with specialized structures, which include the nucleus and other organelles |
| nucleus | cell organelle that controls the cell's activities and contains DNA |
| prokaryotic cell | simple cell without specialized structures |
| selective permeability | a key property of the plasma membrane that allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out |
| phospholipid bilayer | large molecules with a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group, arranged tail to tail in two layers |
| transport protein | protein that moves needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane into or out of the cell |
| fluid mosaic model | structural model of the plasma membrane where phospholipids and proteins float within th surface of the membrane |
| nucleus | DIRECTS cell processes; contains the cell's DNA; STORES information for cell growth, functin and reproduction |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that SURROUNDS the nucleus |
| ribosome | helps manufacture PROTEINS |
| nucleolus | produces RIBOSOMES inside the nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum | site of ribosome attachment; can be smooth or rough |
| Golgi apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport outside the cell |
| vacuole | membrane-bound STORAGE area within the cell |
| lysosome | vesicle that contains substances that DIGEST excess or worn-out organelles |
| centriole | structure near the nucleus that functions during cell division |
| mitochondrion | converts fuel particles (sugars) into usable energy |
| chloroplast | captures light energy and conversts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis |
| cell wall | gives support to plant cells |
| cilia and flagella | projections that allow the cell to move OR to move substances along the surface of the cell |
| diffusion | net movement of particles from an area where there are MANY particles of the substance TO an area where there are FEWER |
| dynamic equilibrium | condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change in concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | form of transport that uses transport proteins to move other ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic solution | solution in which the inside of the cell and the solution it is in have the same concentration of water and solutes |
| hypotonic solution | solutions that has a lower concentration of solutes than in the cell |
| hypertonic solution | solution that has a HIGHER concentration of solutes than in the cell |
| active transport | using ENERGY to move substances from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| endocytosis | process by which the plasma membrane surrounds a substance outside the cell and moves it inside the cell |
| exocytosis | process by which the plasma membrane surrounds a substance inside the cell and moves it outside the cell |
| homeostasis | regulation of the cell's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life |
