| A | B |
|---|
| aqueducts | Romans built these to bring water to their city |
| Julius Caesar | The Roman ruler that declared himself emperor |
| Carthage | a city in northern Africa that Romans conquered |
| Constantine | This emperor was after Diocletian. He established Constantinople. He accepted Christianity. |
| forum | the center of life in Rome - it held trials before a judge |
| Pantheon | large temple in Rome - still standing |
| Ides of March | March 15 - the day Julius Caesar was killed |
| Apennine Mountains | mountains that form a backbone on the Italian Peninsula |
| republic | a form of government where the people choose their leaders |
| consuls | the branch of Roman government that consisted of only two members |
| gladiators | unfree men that were forced to fight to the death |
| domes | Roman architecture that resembled an upside-down bowl and did not need center support |
| Pompeii | city covered in ash and mud when Mt. Vesuvius erupted |
| Pax Romana | Latin for Roman peace |
| Diocletian | emperor that divided Roman Empire into two parts - he controlled the eastern part |
| Caesar Augustus | emperor during the time known as "Pax Romana" |
| Colosseum | famous stadium site to many gladitorial contests |
| Senate | the oldest and most powerful branch of the Roman Empire - made up of 300 Patricians |
| Hannibal | general from Carthage that led an army with elephants against Rome |
| olives and grapes | Ancient Rome's chief export and most important crop |
| Patrician | a group in Roman society made up of the wealthy Romans |
| Plebeian | the largest group in Roman society made up of farmers, traders,and craftsman |
| Byzantine Empire | the eastern portion of the Roman Empire was renamed this |
| Romulus and Remus | twins that fought over the location and naming of Rome - Roman legend |
| Punic Wars | battles between Rome and Carthage - because Carthage was once part of Phonecia |
| Tiber River | the river that runs near Rome |
| concrete | a building material first made by Romans |
| mosaic | an art form using small bits of glass, brick, or stone set with mortar to form a picture |
| vandal | someone who destroys property |
| tribune | a plebeian that is chosen to protect the rights of all plebeians |
| Caliguia | A Roman emperor that was cruel and mentally unstable. He even tried to make his horse a senator |
| Claudius | A good Roman emperor that worked hard to improve conditions in Rome - He returned stolen art to its owners |
| Nero | A Roman emperor who had people killed he wanted out of his way. He built a boat for his mother designed to fall apart when it did not work, he stabbed her to death. Yikes! |
| Marcus Aurealius | The last of the 5 good emperors of Rome.He believed that Romans should live simple lives, control their emotions, and be dutiful to the state |
| veto | I forbid |
| Constaninople | First called "New Rome" - it was the 2nd capital city of the Roman Empire - located in the eastern part of the Empire |
| Theodosius | Emperor that declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire |
| Etruscans | An early group of people that occupied Rome and taught Romans many valuable things |
| republic | the leader is not a monarch and citizens have right to vote |
| triumvirate | a government made up of 3 people who have equal power; Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed the First Triumvirate |
| polytheistic | belief in many gods. Ex. Hinduism, Ancient Greeks |
| monotheistic | belief in one god. Ex. Judaism, Christianity |
| Jesus | Jewish prophet whose teachings become the basis of Christianity |
| legionaire | name for Roman soldier |
| legion | major unit of the Roman army consisting of 3,000 to 6,000 infantry troops and 100 to 200 cavalry troops. |
| martyr | someone who is willing to die for their beliefs |
| Circus Maximus | an amphitheatre in Rome, used in ancient times for chariot races; where the fire that burned Rome for 3 days and 3 nights started |
| Spartacus | a slave who became a gladiator and led a slave revolt with more than 100,000 followers; 6,000 of his followers were captured and crucified by the Roman army along the Appian Way |
| imperator | title given to Augustus Caesar; the word emperor comes from this word |
| Simon Peter | a Jewish fisherman who became a follower of Jesus during Jesus' lifetime and is recognized as the leader of Jesus' disciples |
| 12 Tables | first written set of laws for Roman citizens that were displayed for everyone to see |
| New Testament | the second part of the Christian Bible |
