| A | B |
|---|
| Korea | A nation in northern Asia divided following World War II between North Korea and South Korea and separated since 1953 by a demilitarized zone policed by U.S. and North Korean troops. |
| The New Deal | FDR’s plan to end the Great Depression. Bills passed during the first 100 days of his presidency in 1933 stressed “the 3 R’s” of relief, recovery, and reform. |
| McCarthyism | The fear of communism increased throughout the 1950’s as Americans became sensitized to the threat through publicized investigations of critics of the government led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. |
| Open Door Policy | A United States trade policy with China that stated that all nations would have equal trading rights in China. (1899-1900) |
| Panama Canal | In 1901 the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty gave the U.S. the right to construct and defend a canal through Central America in order to have safer, quicker access to the east from the west. |
| Progressive Era | A political movement in the early 1900’s which saw reform efforts such as child labor laws, minimum wage, rights for women, and political reforms such as initiative and referendum. |
| Political Machines | Informal organizations that control formal processes of government through bribery and force. Friends are rewarded with jobs within in the government in a process called the “spoils system.” |
| Recall | Voters hold the power to remove a public official from office before the next scheduled election. This process developed out of the political reform movements of the Progressive Era. |
| Referendum | A process by which voters approve bills offered by the legislature. Controversial bills such as tax increases can be put to a public vote before coming law. |
| Red Scare | Paranoia regarding the threat of Bolsheviks to the United State from 1919-1920. Many people were charged with crimes, deported, or executed because of their political beliefs. |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke | In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled that Allan Bakke was a victim of reverse discrimination. The court did not overturn “affirmative action,” preferring to take discrimination questions on a case-by-case basis. |
| Reynolds v. Sims | The Supreme Court ruled that the House of Representatives and all state and local bodies had to be apportioned on a “one-man to one-vote” principle, further supporting equal representation in American government. |
| Rock and Roll | A popular style of music started in the 1950’s with roots in rhythm-and-blues, jazz, country and folk music. Early musicians included Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly and Elvis Presley. |
| Soviet Aggression | In 1922 the communists created the U.S.S.R. European countries and the U.S. feared that communist expansion threatened established governments, particularly democracies in Europe |
| Sputnik | The first space satellite which was launched in 1957 by the Soviet Union government under Nikita Khrushchev, it started the space race with the United States. |
| The Grapes of Wrath | A novel by John Steinbeck portraying the plight of migrant agricultural workers in California during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. |
| Teapot Dome | A scandal in the administration of President Harding. The Secretary of the Interior, Albert G. Fall leased oil reserves in Wyoming to oilmen who paid him kickbacks worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. |
| Third Parties | These offer a voice to those seeking to reform the dominant two-party system of government in the United States. They reflect an interest in change and often contribute new political ideas. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The treaty written by allied leaders that ended World War I and created the League of Nations and charged Germany with the responsibility for the war and ordered reparations be paid to the allied nations. Rejected by U.S. Senate |
| U.S. Free Enterprise System | An economic system in which individuals depend on supply and demand and the profit margin to determine what to produce, how to produce, how many to produce and for whom to produce. |
