| A | B |
|---|
| Age of Discovery | 1450-1650, Phenomenal advances were made in geographical knowledge and technology, often achieved by trial and error |
| Age of Renaissance | by 1650, Europeans had made an extensive preliminary exploration, and fairly accurately sketched the outline of the Earth |
| Age of Expansion | Immigration of Europeans to other parts of the world. Colonization resulted in political control in parts of North America, coastal Africa, India, China, Japan, and many pacific islands. This was accompanied by economic exploitation, religious domination, and the introduction of European patterns of social and intellectual life. |
| Galleys | long, narrow, open boats propelled by manpower |
| Peace of Westphalia | treaties signed at Munster and Osnabruck to end the 30 years war marked a turning point in European political, religious, and social history. They recognized the sovereign, independent authority of German princes. Each ruler governed his own province |
| Edict of Nantes | published by Henry IV of France in 1958, which granted Huguenots liberty of conscience and liberty of worship in 150 towns |
| United Provinces | seven northern provinces that broke away from the Netherlands and Spanish rule in 1581 |
| Hispaniola | island devastated by diseases brought by Columbus |
| Mundus Novus | letter written by Amerigo Vespucci, first document to describe America as a seperate continent from Asia |
| Caravel | small, light, 3 masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese |
| Astrolabe | used to find lattitude (stars used) |
| Dutch East India Company | created to protect Dutch trade in the east and to damage the enemry, Spain, on the seas |
| Sabbats | assemblies of witches |
| Misogyny | hatred of women |
| Baroque | used by art critics as an expression of scorn for what they considered an overblown unbalanced style |
| Essay | a literacy genre developed by Michael de Montaigne to express ideas in a developed, organized way |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists |
| War of three Henrys | a civil war fought between Catholic Henry of Guise, Protestant Henry of Navarre, and sort of Catholic king Henry III; caused by St. Bart's day massacre |
| Council of Blood | launched by Phillip II on March 3, 1568; a vicious day when 1500 men of the Low Countries were executed |
| Spanish Armada | (1588) 150 Spanish ships attacked England carrying 30,000 men and thousands of cannonballs; surprisingly they lost |
| Defenestration of Prague | marked the beginning of 30 years war; two Protestants threw two of Ferdinand's officials out of a castle window; they did not die |
