| A | B |
|---|
| Laconia | region of Pelopponesus, in which Sparta is ruling city |
| perioikoi | free neighbors of the Spartan people |
| helots | laborers on publically owned land, kept in slavery by Spartans |
| Messenia | region adjacent to Laconia which the Spartans seized |
| Spartiates | geniuine Spartans, didn't intermarry with rest of population |
| Lykourgos | Spartan leader who initiated reforms |
| Plutarch | biographer who wrote parallel lives between Greeks and Romans |
| Thucydides | historian who wrote about the Pelopponesian wars |
| paidonomos | state director of education in charge of Spartan boys |
| krypteia | period of hiding in Spartan training |
| syssition | dining clubs for Spartan men age 20, 15 members |
| ephoroi | 5 political overseers, elected annually, kept watch over kings, declared war on helots |
| gerousia | council of elders elected for life from influential families |
| democracy | equality before the law, offices assigned by lot, all policies debated in public |
| polis | city state, approximately 40,000 citizens in Athens |
| ekklesia | general assembly, final power of the state |
| oratory | speaking publically for the sake of persuasion |
| Kleon | leading politician in Athens after Pericles' death |
| boule | council of 500 citizens |
| prytany | served as a standing committee for 1/10 of year, councillors of tribes, all state business passes before them |
| tholos | home of the prytany, fed at public expense |
| agoranomoi | officials in Athens who oversaw the markets |
| metronomoi | inspected weights and measures |
| sitophylakes | guarded the corn supply |
| hodopoioi | officials in charge of road repair |
| hieropoioi | officials who made sacrifices, in charge of religious festivals |
| astynomoi | city commissioners oversaw building codes and salary caps |
| strategoi | military leaders, voted to the position, unpaid yet most influential of offices, must be voted in |
| liturgy | public service performed by rich people, e.g. equip trireme, produce a play |
| trireme | ship with three banks of oars |
| people's law courts | no judge, but a chairman, no prosecuting/defending lawyers, rather the plaintiff speaks for himself, jury of 500 votes |
| chairman | in place of a judge in the Athenian lawcourt, maintains order |
| Scythian slaves | employed to keep order at meetings of ekklesia, swept idle citizens from agora |
| informers | made profession of sniffing out breaches of law |
